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Introduction to Phonetics

Introduction to Phonetics. Faculty of Letters and Cultures Gunadarma University PTA 2018/2019. What is phonetics?. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds . a) how they’re produced (articulatory phonetics) b) their physical characteristics (acoustic phonetics) and

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Introduction to Phonetics

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  1. Introduction to Phonetics Faculty of Letters and Cultures Gunadarma University PTA 2018/2019

  2. What is phonetics? Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. • a) how they’re produced (articulatory phonetics) • b) their physical characteristics (acoustic phonetics) and • c)how they’re perceived(auditory phonetics). • http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html

  3. PRONUNCIATION • The act of producing the sounds of speech using speech organs, including articulation, stress, and intonation, often with reference to some standard of correctness or acceptability (such as IPA, RP, etc) • The use of Phonetic Transcription: A phonetic transcription can be used prescriptively, to show students how a given word or phrase should be pronounced.

  4. Reasons for Pronunciation Problems: 1. The Differences in the Phonemic Systems between English and Bahasa Indonesia. Example: / ʃ /, / θ /  English / s /, / t /  Indonesia 2. The similar sounds between English and Bahasa Indonesia but they are in different distributions. Example: peak – speak – spread – leap paku – lapar - lengkap

  5. 3. The Non-existence of Consonant Clusters in Bahasa Indonesia A consonant cluster is a combination of two or more consonants. Such clusters may occur in initial, medial, of final positions. Example: speak-spread, worlds, twelfth etc 4. Suprasegmental sounds: stress, length,     pitch, and intonation

  6. SEGMENTAL & SUPRASEGMENTAL SOUNDS When learning English we will find two kinds of speech features (Ramelan, 1985: 22). 1. Segmental features, which refer to sound units, arranged in a sequential order; or it is about consonant and vowel. 2. Suprasegmental features refer to stress, pitch, length intonation and other features that always accompany the production of segmental.

  7. Suprasegmental Sounds • suprasegmental, also called Prosodic Feature,  in phonetics, a speech feature such as stress, tone, or word juncture that accompanies or is added over consonants and vowels; these features are not limited to single sounds but often extend over syllables, words, or phrases.

  8. Sound/symbol correspondence enoughthroughthoroughthought bough [ʌf] [u:] [ə] [ɔ:] [aʊ] think those thistle thong [θ] [ð] [θ] [θ] church chemistry lochCheryl [tʃ] [k] [x] [ʃ]

  9. Transcription – the art of reducing speech to writing • Don’t be influenced by English spelling!! • Transcribe what is, not what ‘ought’ to be • For instance, speech sounds can influence neighbouring sounds: • i[n] Newcastle • i[m] Bolton • i[ŋ] Carlisle • Trust your ears, not your years of education!!

  10. Transcription – the art of reducing speech to writing • Remember: a word in isolation may be spoken differently to a word in connected speech • to = [tu:] • give it to him = [gɪv ɪt tə ɪm] (Weak forms are syllable sounds that become unstressed in connected speech and are often then pronounced as a schwa [ə]) compare

  11. International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) • The IPA is the major as well as the oldest representative organisation for phoneticians. It was established in 1886 in Paris. • 2011 marked the 125th anniversary of the founding of the IPA, and 2013 is the 125th anniversary of the first publication of the International Phonetic Alphabet and the formulation of the principles.

  12. International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) • The aim of the IPA is to promote the scientific study of phonetics and the various practical applications of that science. • The latest version of the IPA Alphabet was published in 2005.

  13. QUIZ 1: PART A • The final sound / -id / can be found in the pronunciation of the word ______ • a. badged c. formatted • b. shined d. formed

  14. /wƆkt/ is the phonetic transcription of the word _______ • a. worked c. walked • b. worded d. wicked

  15. _________ is NOT called an aspirated consonant when it is an initial position. • a. / p / c. / k / • b. / d / d. / t / • The word “theory” consists of _____ syllables. • a. 2 c. 3 • b. 5 d. 4

  16. Which of the followings are called alveolar consonants? • a. /p/,/b/ c. /n/, /t/ • b. /k/, /g/ d. /f/, /v/ • _______ is categorized into a back vowel. • a. / u / c. / ʌ / • b. / I / d. / æ /

  17. The name of vowel / a: / is _____________ • a. a rounded high back vowel • b. a rounded middle back vowel • c. an unrounded low back vowel • d. an unrounded low front vowel

  18. The following words have diphthong / εә /, EXCEPT ____ • Fair c. bare • There d. fear • ______ is categorized into a velar plosive consonant. • /n/ c. /d/ • /t/ d. /g/

  19. The consonant produced by figure below is ____ a. / l / c. / d / b. /ʤ / d. / ð /

  20. KISI-KISI UTS: • Table of consonants: voicing, manner, points/places • Vowel diagram: shape of lips, height, parts of tongue • Diphthong diagram: closing and centering • Phonetics Transcription/speech sounds • Description of consonants, vowels, dipthongs • Suffixes : -d/-ed and -s/-es

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