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A Day-9/29/2011 B Day-9/30/2011

A Day-9/29/2011 B Day-9/30/2011. Objective Explain the impact of the fall of Rome on Western Europe Compare the factors that led to the collapse of Rome and Han China Agenda Fall of Rome Class Notes Classical Era Exam Review Classical Era Exam A Day – 10/3 B Day – 10/4.

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A Day-9/29/2011 B Day-9/30/2011

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  1. A Day-9/29/2011 B Day-9/30/2011 Objective • Explain the impact of the fall of Rome on Western Europe • Compare the factors that led to the collapse of Rome and Han China Agenda • Fall of Rome Class Notes • Classical Era Exam Review • Classical Era Exam • A Day – 10/3 • B Day – 10/4

  2. The Fall of Rome The Long Decline

  3. PaxRomana PaxRomana (Latin for "Roman peace") was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. Since it was established by Caesar Augustus it is sometimes called Pax Augusta. Its span was about 207 years (27 BC to 180 AD). PaxRomana Handout

  4. Fall of Rome Many factors led to the fragmentation of Western Europe and the rise of feudalism including the disruption of trade which led to the collapse of businesses, the destruction of economic centers, and scarcity of money as a result of invasions, the downfall of cities as centers of administration, a shift to a rural population as Roman citizens abandoned the destroyed cities, a decline of learning since Germanic invaders could not read or write, the loss Latin as a common language , a change in the concept of government from one of loyalty to public government, and written law shifted to governance through unwritten laws and traditions. Causes of the Fall of Rome p. 149-150

  5. The Decline and Fall of Rome 1. Heavy taxes 2. Population decline

  6. Roman Chaos After the death of the Emperor Marcuse Aurelius in 180, the golden age of the PaxRomanaended, and for the next 100 years Rome was in chaos

  7. Several Emperors • In one 50year period, at least 26 emperors reigned, by seizing power with support of troops, only to rule for several months or a year.

  8. Roman Decline • Political violence and instability, rather than order and efficiency thus became the rule • Hightaxesto support the army and the bureaucracy placed heavy burdens on business people and small farmers • Farmland that had been over cultivated for too many years lost its productivity

  9. Diocletian • In 284, the emperor Diocletianset out to restore order, by dividing the empire into two parts • Western Empire & Eastern Empire • Diocletian attempted to increase the prestige of the emperor again by surrounding himself with elaborate ceremonies, wearing jewels and purple robes, and made people bow down to him • Diocletian also took steps to end the empire’s economic decay, by slowing inflation • He fixed prices on goods.

  10. Constantine • Emperor Constantine takes power in the year 312 AD. He took two steps that changed the course of European History • Step 1 – Granted tolerance to Christians • Step 2 – Built new Capital (Constantinople)

  11. Impact of the Huns • Wars in Central Asia & famine caused the Huns to migrate across Central Asia • By 350 AD, the Huns reached eastern Europe, & forced the Germanic tribes south to Roman lands seeking safety • Under attack, the Roman empire surrendered first Britain, then France & Spain.

  12. Rome Defeated • In 378 AD, when the Roman army tried to turn back the Visigoths at Adrianople, it suffered a stunning defeat and Roman power was fading • In 410 AD, the Visigoth general Alaric overran Italy and plundered Rome • Starting in 434, the Hunleader Attilaembarked on a savage campaign a of conquest across Europe

  13. Rome Defeated • Christians referred to it as the “scourge of God” for the punish of sins • Attilla’sinvasion forced Germanic Tribes south again into Roman Empire • In 476 AD Odoacer destroyed Rome and exiled the Last Emperor of Rome

  14. Collapse of Rome and Han China Factors for both: corrupt governments in both empires, infighting among political elites, empires too large in areas to manage, invasions from hostile nomadic tribes, social inequality among the classes with tax burdens on lower classes, inequitable distribution of lands, decline in morals and values, public health and urban decay, and unemployment and inflation

  15. Golden Age of the Han • Significant cultural achievements during the Han Dynasty: • Acupuncture • Paper • Ship rudder • Fishing reels • Wheel barrows Fall of the Han: by 220 CE the empire grew weak. Later emperors were incompetent, and their reigns were marked by corruption, immorality, and apathy. Some Confucian scholars declared that the Han Dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven. China was DIVIDED for nearly 400 YEARS(220 AD to 618 AD). History will repeat itself, within 300 years the great Roman Empire will crumble because of the same reasons.

  16. Collapse of Romeand Han China • Factors for both: • corrupt governments in both empires • infighting among political elites • empires too large in areas to manage • invasions from hostile nomadic tribes • social inequality among the classes with tax burdens on lower classes • inequitable distribution of lands • decline in morals and values • public health and urban decay • unemployment and inflation

  17. Persian provinces were administered by hereditary provincial governors (satraps) • Shi Huangdi – cracked down on Confucians to increase his power • Gupta impact of mathamatics • Developed the Arabic number • Concept of zero • Fall of the Han Dynasty • High taxes • Political corruption • Foreign invasion • Athenian democracy limited to only male Athenian citizens of legal voting age

  18. Romulus and Remus Parthenon Aqueduct Pantheon Roman Forum Roman Colosseum

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