1 / 15

Community Ecology

Community Ecology. Species Interactions. Major types of interactions: 1. Predation 2. Competition Symbiotic Relationships: 3. Parasitism 4. Mutualism 5. Commensalism. 1. Predation. Predators vs. Prey -Who eats whom and how. Why? -Regulates population size.

mitchell-jeremiah
Download Presentation

Community Ecology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Community Ecology

  2. Species Interactions Major types of interactions: 1. Predation 2. Competition Symbiotic Relationships: 3. Parasitism 4. Mutualism 5. Commensalism

  3. 1. Predation Predators vs. Prey -Who eats whom and how. Why? -Regulates population size. -Variations lead to natural selection. -Natural Selection leads to ‘Survival’…carry on the species! Predator Adaptations -sensory -physical (teeth, web’s, striped coloration)

  4. Prey Adaptations Animals: 1. being able to flee…. 2. camouflage 3. deceptive markings 4. chemical & physical defenses 5. bright colors 6. mimicry (Batesian & Mullerian) Plants: 1. Physical Defenses 2. Secondary Compounds

  5. Which snake is poisonous? The nonvenomous king snake (right), for example, closely mimics the color pattern of the venomous coral snake.

  6. Polyohemus Moth: deceptive markings!

  7. Physical Defense: Thorns and spines. Chemical Defenses & Bright Colors Secondary Compounds…Poison Ivy!

  8. 2. Competition Interspecific Competition: one species is eliminated because of competition for the same resources. Competition can lead to: 1. Character Displacement: Natural selection at work; Darwin’s Finch case study…beak shape. A benefit to reduce competition…increases survival; reduces niche overlap.

  9. 2. Resource Partitioning: Increased competition between species because they require the same resources. When coexistance occurs, each species only uses part of the available resources…reduction in competition…increases survival!

  10. 3. Parasitism: Parasite vs. Host Ectoparasites vs. Endoparasites

  11. 4. Mutualism: Both species benefit.

  12. 5. Commensalism: One species benefits, the other is not affected.

  13. Ch. 20-2…Properties of Communities • Species Richness- the number of species the community has. • Species Evenness- the relative abundance of each species. Patterns of Species Richness: 1. Latitude 2. Habitat Size 3. Interactions and Species 4. Community Stability

  14. Successional Changes in Communities Ecological Succession- growth of a species in a given area. 1. Primary (very slow process) -pioneer species 2. Secondary (quick return of organisms) Climax Community

More Related