1 / 42

Chapter 9 Circulatory system

Chapter 9 Circulatory system. ---Closed tubular system ---Blood circulatory or cardiovascular S ---Lymph vascular S. The cardiovascular S heart artery vein capillary. 1.    Capillaries. 1) LM : endothelium: basement membrane: pericyte: /flattened with processes /function:

misty
Download Presentation

Chapter 9 Circulatory system

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 9 Circulatory system

  2. ---Closed tubular system ---Blood circulatory or cardiovascular S ---Lymph vascular S

  3. The cardiovascular S • heart • artery • vein • capillary

  4. 1.    Capillaries 1) LM: • endothelium: • basement membrane: • pericyte: /flattened with processes /function: i.  support ii. undifferentiated cell

  5. endothelial cell: • processes –microvilli-like, finger-liked • vesicle /60-70nm, constitute about 25-35% of total volume /transendothelial channel function: transport large molecules and storage of membrane (for enlarge, enlongated, pore-formed and microvilli)

  6. EM: classification ①Continuous capillary: ---Structural feature: • endothelial cell: -more vesicles -tight junction • basal lamina: complete ---Distribution: CT, MT, lung and CNS

  7. ② Fenestrated capillary ---Structural feature: • endothelial cell: -have fenestrae or pore (60-80nm in D, with 4-6 nm diaphragm) • basal lamina: complete ---Distribution: gastrointestinal tract, endocrine gland and renal glomerulus

  8. ③Sinusoid capillaries(enlarge capillary) ---Structural feature: • endothelium: gap, pore • basal lamina: incomplete or no (absent) ---Distribution: liver, spleen and bone marrow

  9. 2.     Artery ---large A: aorta, pulmonary trunk ---medium-sized A: all named A, the diameter > 1mm (radial A, ulnar A) ---small A: 300um<D<1mm

  10. Medium-sized A – muscular A ---Tunica intima • endothelium • subendothelial layer: CT -collagenous F -elastic F -smooth muscle • internal elastic membrane: wave-liked, pink-colored band- elastin

  11. ---Tunica media: thickest layer • smooth muscle: 10-40 layers of, circularly • elastic F: produced by SM • collagenous F: produced by SM ---Tunica adventitia: • LCT –with small BV-vasa vasorum, NF and LV • external elastic M

  12. 2) Large A: elastic A ---Structural features: a. Tunica intima is thick, and internal elastic M is not prominant b.   Tunica media: consists of 40-70 layers of elastic membrane, CF and SM

  13. SM elastic M Large A

  14. 3) Small A: ---large SA: • internal EM • 3-4 layers SM • no external M ---small SA: • no internal M • 1-2 layers SM

  15. 2.       Veins ---three type ---correspond with A except for LV ---three layers

  16. ---structural features: a. larger diameter, thinner walls- collapsed b.  no internal and external elastic membrane, so the boundaries between three tunica are not very clear c. contains more CT, less smooth M, SM are arranged in bundles d.   vein valve: /infolding of tunica intima /semilunar-liked /prevent back flow of blood

  17. 4.      Heart ---atrium(right and left) ---ventricle (right and left)

  18. E The wall of heart SE endocardium subendocardial layer myocardium epicardium

  19. 1) The wall of heart ---endocardium: • endothelium • subendothelial layer: more dense CT- contain fibroblast, CF, EF, SM • subendocardial layer: LCT, with BV, N and conducting S- Purkinje fiber

  20. ---myocardium: • cardiac M: a.    atrial muscle: /atrial granules: 0.3-0.4um in D, contain atrial natriuretic polypeptide or cardionatrin b.   ventricular M: thick, long, branches • LCT: rich in capillaries *atrioventricular fibrous annulus: DCT

  21. ---epicardium: visceral layer of pericardium- serous membrane: • mesothelium • LCT: more fat cell- subepicardial layer ---cardiac valve: • formed by infolding of endocardium: endothelium + DCT • prevent the back flow of blood

  22. 2) Conducting S ① components: ---sinoatriol node (SA node): located in epicardium of right atrium ---atrioventricular node (AV node) and bundles (AV bundles): located in subendocardial layer ---network of Purkinje fiber:

  23. ② three types of cells a. pacemaker cell ( P cell): • mainly distributed in SA and AV node • small, fusiform or polygonal in shaped • enclosed by DCT • less organelle: myofibril, plasmalemmal vesicles and more glycogen

  24. b. transitional cell: • mainly distributed in periphery of SAN or AVN and AV bundle • The structure is between pacemaker cell and cardiac M • thinner and shorter than CM • more myofibril than P cell

  25. c. Purkinje cell: • mainly constitute AV bundle and branches • shorter, boarder than CM, with 1-2 centrally located nuclei • rich in mitochondria, glycogen, less myofibril • well-developed intercalated disks

  26. Chapter 10 Immune system

  27. 1. Components 1)  Cells

  28. ① Lymphocyte: a. T-lymphocytes: • cytotoxic T cell: Tc C- kill the tumor cell, virus infective cell and foreign cell • helper T cell: Th C- promotes activity of BLC and Tc C • suppressor T cell: Ts C –regulate the function of BLC and TC b. B-lymphocytes: become into plasma cell c. NK cell: counteract virus infective cell and tumor cell

  29. ②Plasma cell ③antigen presenting cell: a. dendritic cell: • Blood DC • Langerhans cell • interstitial cell • veiled cell • interdigitating cell b.macrophage: Mononuclear phagocytic system

  30. ④other cells: • granulated cell • mast cell • blood platelet • blood-borne stem cell *Function: i.     immunologic defence function ii.     immune surveillance function iii.    immune homeostasis

  31. 2)     Lymphoid tissue ---reticular T: • reticular cell: stellate-shaped with processes to form network • reticular fiber ---lymphocytes, macrophage, plasma cell and mast cell

  32. a. Diffuse LT: • no clear boundary • mainly consists of TLC • postcapillary venules: -high endothelial venules -opening for LC enter LT from blood

  33. b. Lymphoid nodule: • spherical or ovoid • have clear boundaries • mainly composed of BLC • germinal center: stained pale * primary LN → secondary LN

  34. 3) Lymphoid organs • Central lymphoid organs: thymus, bone marrow • developed earlier • blood-borne stem cell comes from yolk sac • microenvironment → proliferation promoting • send LC to PLD and LT two weeks before borne

  35. b. Peripheral lymphoid organs: lymph node, spleen and palatine tonsil • developed later • LC come from CLO • cell proliferation need antigen stimulating - antigen dependent • place for immune reactions

  36. Thanks!

More Related