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Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning. Background. Classical Conditioning – The type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke the response initially evoked by another stimulus an item creates a response it wouldn’t normally cause through pairing Introduction Clip

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Classical Conditioning

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  1. Classical Conditioning

  2. Background • Classical Conditioning – The type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke the response initially evoked by another stimulus • an item creates a response it wouldn’t normally cause through pairing • Introduction Clip • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znAzMkn5Ey0

  3. Pavlov’s Discovery of Classical Conditioning • Ivan Pavlov • Conducted research on digestion, specifically role of saliva in digestion process of dogs. • Pavlov presented meat (powder) to dogs, preceded by a clicking sound to alert them of the food. • Over time, dogs salivated in response to clicking sound.

  4. Pavlov further investigated phenomenon: • Presented meat with a tone (bell) • After several pairings, he presented bell alone to dogs • What happened? • What is the significance of his research?

  5. Classical Conditioning Terminology • 1.) Unconditioned Stimulus (US)- The stimulus that evokes a natural response. • Pavlov Ex.) • 2.) Unconditioned Response (UR)- The natural reaction to the unconditioned stimulus. • Pavlov Ex.)

  6. Classical Conditioning Terminology • 3.) Conditioned Stimulus (CS)- Previously neutral stimulus that, through conditioning, evokes conditioned response. • Pavlov Ex.) • 4.) Conditioned Response (CR)- Learned reaction to conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning • ***Usually the same as UR******* • Pavlov Ex.)

  7. Process Review

  8. Trials • Trials- Presentations of the stimuli (US and CS) together • Pavlov Ex.) • The Office Ex.) • Number of trials needed for classical conditioning to occur varies

  9. More examples “The Office” • US- • UR- • CS- • CR-

  10. More Examples Shower Example • US- • UR- • CS- • CR-

  11. Conditioned Fear and Anxiety • Many of our phobias and fears are direct result of classical conditioning • Examples: • Bridge Phobia • Taco Bell • Class Examples

  12. Other Conditioned Responses • May be conditioned to associate stimulus with positive feelings • Examples: • Cotton candy ice cream • Classical conditioning could even play a role in sexual arousal • Example: • Seinfeld clip • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLKhJnKrf9M

  13. Processes in classical conditioning • 1.) Acquisition- This term refers to the learning of the conditioned response • 2.) Extinction – This refers to a gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned response • How does this usually occur?

  14. Processes in classical conditioning • 3.) Spontaneous Recovery- After extinction, a response may spontaneously reappear. • Real World Examples:

  15. Stimulus Generalization • Stimulus Generalization – An organism that has learned a response to a specific stimuli responds in same way to stimuli that are similar to original stimulus. • Clown Example • John B. Watson study • “Little Albert”- 11 month old • Conditioned to fear bunnies

  16. Class examples, if time permits

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