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Hands-on Particle Astrophysics

Hands-on Particle Astrophysics. Introduction to Particle Physics Part II. Fermions (spin ½). Bosons (spin 1). Make up hadrons baryons: mesons:. electromagnetic. strong. weak. Smallest Building Blocks ( Fermion Interactions). Neutrinos (neutral leptons):. Charged leptons:.

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Hands-on Particle Astrophysics

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  1. Hands-on Particle Astrophysics Introduction to Particle Physics Part II

  2. Fermions (spin ½) Bosons (spin 1) Makeup hadrons baryons: mesons: electromagnetic strong weak

  3. Smallest Building Blocks (Fermion Interactions) • Neutrinos (neutral leptons): • Charged leptons: • Quarks:

  4. Smallest Building Blocks (Fermion Interactions) • Neutrinos (neutral leptons): Symmetries and conservation laws determine what is allowed • Charged leptons: • Quarks:

  5. Smallest Building Blocks (Force Carrier Interactions) Electroweak interactions Z W W W W W W Z Z W W W W W W W Z W Gluon self-interactions g g g g g g g

  6. Smallest Building Blocks (Force Carrier Interactions) Electroweak interactions Z W W W W W W Z Z W W W W W W W Z W Gluon self-interactions g g g Symmetries and conservation laws determine what is allowed g g g g

  7. Symmetries of Standard Model • Excellent description of all interactions • Masses are not allowed! • Works well for photons/gluons • BUT W, Z massive • Fermions have mass! • Way out?

  8. Symmetries of Standard Model • Excellent description of all interactions • Masses are not allowed! • Works well for photons/gluons • BUT W, Z massive • Fermions have mass! • Way out? “Hide” the symmetry • Interactions with new particle obey symmetries • the “ground state” is not symmetric • Familiar example: • gravitational interactions: spherical symmetry • (force: inverse square law) • and yet solar system not spherically symmetric

  9. Simplest model – the standard model Higgs mechanism • specific allowed interactions • allows massive W’s, Z’s • allows fermion masses • specific relations among • - masses of W’s, Z • - interaction rates of various processes • + verified by data over last 40 years! • one spin 0 Higgs boson • specific • - production modes/rates • - decay modes/rates • unknown mass • discovered this year! • m = 125 GeV

  10. H Smallest Building Blocks (Higgs Interactions) Higgs – fermion interactions H f f Higgs- force carrier interactions H H H H H H W W W Z Z W Z Z Higgs self-interactions H H H H H H H

  11. LHC detectors ATLAS CMS

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