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Unit 2: Function and Structure Notes Who am I?

Unit 2: Function and Structure Notes Who am I?. Beginning Language Level 1 (A). Functions. I can understand when someone describes themselves or someone else. I can understand simple questions about myself or someone else.

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Unit 2: Function and Structure Notes Who am I?

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  1. Unit 2: Function and Structure NotesWho am I? BeginningLanguageLevel 1 (A)

  2. Functions • I can understand when someone describes themselves or someone else. • I can understand simple questions about myself or someone else. • I can understand some basic personal information found in short readings. • I can answer questions about physical characteristics, personality and simple likes and dislikes. • I can ask questions to find out basic information about someone else. • I can describe myself including personality & physical characteristics. • I can describe someone else including age, personality, and physical characteristics. • I can write about myself including my personality & physical characteristics. • I can write about someone else including their age, personality, & physical characteristics.

  3. Structures • SubjectPronouns • Verbs: Tobe • Verbs: Tohave • Articles • Adjectives: GenderAgreement

  4. Discussing Culture • In the target culture: • I can tell you about popular sports. • I can tell you about how popular music/dances are different than what’s popular in the U.S. • I can tell you how to describe people using socially acceptable vocabulary in Spanish.

  5. StructureSubjectPronouns • Thesubjectistheperson, place, thingorideathatDOEStheverb. • Subjectpronounsare wordsusedtorepresentthesubject in a sentence. • Subjectpronounsinclude: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. • In Spanish, thesepronouns are: I = Yo You = Tú He = Él /She = Ella /You (formal) = Usted We = NosotrosorNosotras They = EllosorEllas /Youall = Ustedes

  6. StructureVerbs: TO BE • TheverbsSER and ESTARboth mean “tobe” in English. • SER = Soy / Eres / Es / Somos / Son • ESTAR = Estoy / Estás / Está / Estamos / Están • I am = Soy / EstoyWe are = Somos / Estamos • You are = Eres / EstásThey are = Son / Están • He / she / it is = Es / Está • Thetrickypartistoknowwhenyoushould use one and nottheother. • The general rule of use is: • Use SERfor more permanentorlastingqualities and ESTARfor more temporaryconditions. Howyoufeel and whereyou are, always use theverb ESTAR.

  7. StructureVerbs: TO HAVE • TheSpanishword, TENER (tohave), combines withmanyotherwordstoformcommonly-usedexpressions. • TheseexpressionswillseemweirdtoanEnglish-speaker butyoumustsimplymemorizethem. Tengosed. = I’mthirsty. Tengo diez años. = I’m ten yearsold. Tengocalor. = I’mhot. Tengofrío. = I’mcold. Tengohambre. = I’mhungry. Tengomiedo. = I’mscared/afraid. Tengosueño. = I’msleepy. Tengosuerte. = I’mlucky. Tengorazón. = I’mright. Tengoprisa. = I’m in a hurry. • Theseexpressions can beusedwithanyform of TENER(tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen)

  8. StructureArticles • Articles are adjectivesthathelptoidentifynouns. In English, wehave1 definitearticle, THE, whichreferstospecificthings (theboy, theidiot). • Wealsohaveindefinitearticles, A and AN, whichrefertoone of thosethingsin general (aboy, anidiot). • Here are theSpanishdefinitearticles. • El coche La puerta • Los coches Las puertas • Indefinitearticlesalsohave 4 forms, onetocorrespondtothegender and number of thenountheymodify • Un libro Una persona • Unos libros Unas personas • Theseadjectives are differentbecausethey are in front!

  9. StructureAdjectives: GenderAgreement • Anadjectiveis a wordthat describes a noun. Good = bueno • Spanishadjectivesgenerallyfollowthenounsthattheymodify. El coche rojo. • Nounsthatend in “O” are masculine and mostnounsthatend in “A” are feminine. THIS IS IMPORTANT for AGREEMENT • Spanishadjectivesmustagreein GENDER and in NUMBERwiththenounstheymodify. • Mostadjectives can bespelled4differentways in Spanish: • Bueno  Bueno, buena, buenos, buenas. • Theyall mean the SAME thing. • Someadjectivesthatend in “E” can onlybemade plural byaddingan “S”

  10. StructureNegatives • If oneanswers a questionnegatively, a negativewordmust come beforetheverb. Hereis a list of negativewordsthatwill come in handy: • Nada = nothing • Nadie = no one • Ni, ni = neither, nor • No = no, not • Nunca = never • In additiontosaying “no”, youmust use one of thewordstocontinuethenegativemeaningthroughtheverbphrase. • Example: • ¿Vas a la tienda? • No, no voy a la tienda.

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