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Grammar Pre - intermediate

Grammar Pre - intermediate. Passive. Introduction. When A does something to B there are often two ways to talk about it: active and passive. The office is cleaned every day. The office was cleaned yesterday. Somebody cleans every day. active is cleaned every day. passive

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Grammar Pre - intermediate

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  1. GrammarPre-intermediate Passive

  2. Introduction • When A does something to B there are often two ways to talk about it: active and passive.

  3. The office is cleaned every day. The office was cleaned yesterday. Somebody cleans every day.active is cleaned every day.passive Somebody cleaned yesterday.active was cleaned yesterday.passive the office The office the office The office

  4. When? How? • We usually use passive when we want to focus on the process or result rather than who or what does or did it. The beach iscleaned everyday. • We make passive verbs with be(am, are, is etc.)+ past participle (cooked, seen, broken,...)

  5. Tenses • Passive verbs have the same tenses (present simple, present continuous, present perfect, past simple etc.) as activeverbs. The beach iscleaned everyday. The beach wascleaned everyday. The beach will becleaned everyday.

  6. Negative questions • The negative and questions are formed like this: Most rubbish isn’trecycled. The food wasn’teaten. Are you shocked by this? Were the church built in the last century?

  7. Passive + by .... • If you want to say who or what causes the action add by + noun. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. (Bell invented it.) I wasbittenby a dog a few days ago. Were the dinosauruskilledby a meteorite?

  8. be born • ‛be born’ is only used in the passive. I was born in Prague in 1976. Where were you born? In Italy.

  9. Literatura • MURPHY, R. EnglishGrammar in Use. 3. vyd. Cambridge: CUP, 2004. ISBN 0-521-53762-2. • DAVIS, F., RIMMER, W.ActiveGrammarwithanswers: Level 1. 1. vyd. Cambridge: CUP, 2011.ISBN 978-0-521-73251-2. • SWAN, M., WALTER, C.Oxford EnglishGrammarCourse Basic. 1. vyd. Oxford: OUP, 2011.ISBN 978-0-19-442077-8.

  10. Task: Write a few sentences in the passive form. Use various tenses, affirmative, questions and negative. Explain the difference between active and passive form.

  11. Děkuji za pozornost.

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