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Madison and Monroe

Madison and Monroe. AIM: How did the War of 1812 impact U.S. development?. I. U.S. Attempts at Neutrality. "It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world..."

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Madison and Monroe

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  1. Madison and Monroe AIM: How did the War of 1812 impact U.S. development?

  2. I. U.S. Attempts at Neutrality • "It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world..." • . "...avoid the necessity of those overgrown military establishments, which, under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to Republican Liberty." • Washington’s Farewell Address

  3. Rights of Neutrals!!!!!! • Proclamation of Neutrality 1793 • Washington’s Farewell Address • Jay’s Treaty 1794 • Problems remaining neutral: French British Citizen Genet Affair Chesapeake Affair XYZ Affair Impressment

  4. 1.U.S. Chesapeake overtaken by HMS Leopard. British attempt to board and search for deserters. Fire on Chesapeake and “impressed” four deserters. U.S. Reaction: E. Chesapeake-Leopard Affair- 1807

  5. F. Jefferson’s Attempt at Neutrality • Embargo Act: Self Imposed prohibition of trade to get Britain and France to honor neutrality • Impact: a. US Exports fall from 138 to 22 million. b. Imports 138 to 56 million c. Port cities, plantations and farmers all hurt.

  6. Replaces Embargo Act Permitted exports to all nations except Britain and France Would renew trade with either if they reverse policy toward U.S. Impact: G. Non-Intercourse Act - 1809

  7. II. Causes of War: “America’s Second Revolution 1812-1814

  8. 1. Free Seas and Trade: a. Impressment b. Chesapeake –Leopard Affair c. Barbary Pirates (Somalia) A. Causes

  9. 2. Frontier Pressures - Tecumseh

  10. War Hawks: Young southerners and westerners in Congress wanted to defend their honor Some Americans wanted British Canada

  11. U.S. unprepared for war. Burning of Washington D.C. U.S. Victories a. Great Lakes b. Battle of New Orleans – Andrew Jackson fame B. The War 1812-1814

  12. Gilbert Stuart Portrait of Washington

  13. Star Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Key

  14. 4. Hartford Convention – December 1814 • N.E. Federalists believed war aided Napoleon against British • Opposed war by refusing to pay taxes, boycotting war loans, refusal to furnish troops • Constitutional Amendments to restrict power to wage war, regulate commerce, repeal 3/5ths compromise, one term presidency. • Threaten SECESSION!

  15. C. Results • Treaty of Ghent – 1814 a. Status Quo Ante Bellum • Federalist party never recovered from its opposition to the war in Hartford Convention. • Inspired Patriotism and nationalism • Embargo and Non Intercourse encourage manufacturing in U.S. 5. Destroyed the Indians' ability to resist American expansion east of the Mississippi River. .

  16. III. Monroe Administration (Dem-Rep) • Foreign Policy 1. Secretary of State: John Quincy Adams 2. Rush-Bagot Treaty-1817 a. U.S. and GB agree to limit war ships on the Great Lakes

  17. Treaty of 1818: Boundary b/w US & Canada, joint occupation of OR

  18. 4. Adams-Onis Treaty: Spain cedes FL and land north of 42 Latitude, “Continental Empire” Why?

  19. 5. Monroe Doctrine - 1823 • Historical Context: • Napolean defeated at Battle of Waterloo • Congress of Vienna – Europe looking to colonize in Western Hemisphere and Africa

  20. No further colonization in the Western Hemisphere by Europe • Restates U.S. neutrality • Desire to influence events in the Western Hemisphere • Supported by Great Britain Why?

  21. B. Domestic Policy • “Era of Good Feelings” a. Growth of nationalism b. Death of the Federalist Party c. Misnomer: sectional issues flare

  22. 2. Henry Clay’s American System North: Manufactured Goods South: Crops/cotton = Self Sufficiency West: Crops

  23. Protective Tariff of 1816-to protect budding US factories from British imports • Internal Improvements 1. National Road from MD to IL 2. Canal System ex. Erie Canal 1823 • Second Bank of United States – 1817 1. McCullough v. Maryland 1819

  24. d. Political Realignment Support Tariff Support Internal Improvements Support the Bank Oppose extension of slavery into the territories Former Federalists and some former Dem-Rep Whigs Against tariff Against federal gov’t paying for internal improvements See the Bank as unconstitutional Support state’s rights and slavery Former Dem-Rep Democrats

  25. 3. Issue of Slavery • Problem: settlement west leads to creation of new states

  26. b. Missouri Compromise 1820

  27. MO added as slave state • ME added as free state • Line drawn at 36’ 30 – slavery prohibited north of this line --slavery allowed south of line

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