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Madison and Monroe

Madison and Monroe. Unit 3.4. #4 James Madison. Elected in 1808 (and re-elected in 1812) Served 1809-1817 Democratic-Republican Part of Virginia Dynasty Shortest President (5’4”) wife – Dolly Inherited problems from the Embargo Act and Impressment Issues. War or Peace.

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Madison and Monroe

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  1. Madison and Monroe Unit 3.4

  2. #4 James Madison • Elected in 1808 (and re-elected in 1812) • Served 1809-1817 • Democratic-Republican • Part of Virginia Dynasty • Shortest President (5’4”) • wife – Dolly • Inherited problems from the Embargo Act and Impressment Issues

  3. War or Peace • “Mr. Madison’s War” – nickname for the War of 1812 • Causes: • 1. Impressment / Freedom of the Seas • – remember Chesapeake-Leopard affair? • 2. War Hawks – those wanted to fight (younger congressmen) • - Henry Clay • - John C. Calhoun • 3. Border disputes/Desire for Land (Manifest Destiny) • - Maine, Oregon, Canada • 4. Indian “problem” – Is Britain helping them?

  4. War of 1812 – the bad • Failed invasion of Canada. • Navy in the Atlantic Ocean (how did those Jeffs do?) • Defeat of troops on East Coast • Burning of Washington D.C. (1814)

  5. War of 1812 - successes • - Against Indians • Battle of Thames – William H. Harrison v. Tecumseh • Battle of Horseshoe Bend – Andrew Jackson • Commodore Oliver Perry in Great Lakes (Battle of Put-in-Bay) • Ft. McHenry (Baltimore) • Francis Scott Key and the Star-Spangled Banner

  6. Ceasefire • Treaty of Ghent (Dec. 24, 1814) • - Did not resolve any of the causes of the war, just stopped the fighting. • - Why did we sign it? • - Why did Britain sign it? • - Ever since the War of 1812, how is our overall relationship with Britain?

  7. The biggest battle? • - After the Treaty was signed, the biggest battle was fought. Why? • Battle of New Orleans (Jan) 1815 • - Andrew Jackson • - help from pirates led by Jean Lafitte. Why did they help the U.S.? • - Casualties: U.S. - 55 killed, 185 wounded, 93 MIA • Britain – 386 killed, 1521 wounded, 552 MIA • - Why did it not matter officially? • - Why did it matter unofficially?

  8. New England Rumblings • - New England states felt that the Democratic-Republicans were trying to purposely hurt them with Embargo and then war. • Met during war • Hartford Convention (1814) • Discussed Nullification and hinted at Secession • Soon after news of Ghent and New Orleans • Basically deathblow to Federalist Party (except for in Supreme Court w/ John Marshall)

  9. Florida after War of 1812 Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 - U.S. buys Florida for $5.3 million - U.S. gives up any claims to Texas from L.P. -Jackson becomes military governor of Florida • 1st Seminole War • After New Orleans, Jackson went back after Creeks • Many “ran away” to Spanish Florida • Jackson went after them with U.S. Army (act of war) • Seminoles never surrender, fighting just stops over time • Diplomatic crisis for U.S.

  10. #5 James Monroe • Elected in 1816, Re-elected in 1820 • Ran unopposed in 1820 • But not elected unanimously in the Electoral College. Why not? • Era of Good Feelings nickname, but was everything good? • Had Goodwill Tour of Nation • Last of Virginia Dynasty. 1817-1824

  11. Great Lakes Problem Solved • Rush – Bagot Agreement (1818) • With Britain (weren’t we just fighting them?) • Led to mutual disarmament of Great Lakes (demilitarization) • Longest undefended border between U.S. and (now) Canada

  12. This is our Hemisphere! • Monroe Doctrine (1823) • Written by Sec. of State John Q. Adams (Monroe gives it in a State of Union Address) • Aimed at Britain and France (eyeing lands Spain is losing- Mexico 1821) • Says that European powers are to not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere (N & S America) • U.S. Navy did not have power to enforce it. So who did and why?

  13. The 3 who lasted (never die?) • The Great Triumvirate • Emerging during the War of 1812 talk, they will be powerful forces in the U.S. government through the 1850s • From the West – Henry Clay • From the South – John C. Calhoun • From New England – Daniel Webster

  14. Sectionalism emerges • Missouri Compromise / Compromise of 1820 • In 1819 there were 11 free states / 11 slave states. • Southerners wanted to keep the balance to block any laws that threatened Slavery (free outnumbered in House of Reps). • Missouri applied for statehood (first from Louisiana Purchase). • After months of debate, Henry Clay makes a Compromise Bill. • Missouri as a slave state • Maine as a free state • In rest of Louisiana Purchase, all about 36-30 latitude to be free • Solves problem for next 30 years.

  15. Money Issues • 1816 Tariff • Put into place to protect U.S. Manufactures. • Many had developed due to embargo and war limiting competition • 1stprotective tariff in U.S. history • Why good? Why bad? • Panic of 1819 • First major economic downturn since 1789. • Panic = recession • Caused by over speculation on land and Wildcat Banks

  16. BUS Problems • 2nd Bank of U.S. • Rechartered in 1816 • Democratic-Republicans approved it • How is different than when the Federalist first introduced one? • McCulloch v. Maryland • 1819 • Could a state tax the B.U.S.? • Can Congress have a bank without a section in the Constitution? • John Marshalland Supreme Court ruled yes due to: • Elastic Clause – “congress can do anything necessary and proper” • Known as Implied Powers • Federalist Party dead, but ideas live on.

  17. Marshall, Marshall, Marshall • Gibbons v. Ogden • 1824 • Ferries in Hudson • Marshall rules Federal government has power over Interstate Commerce • Other Marshall cases • Ruled in favor of the Federal gov’t and business over the states. • How is that what the Federalist Party wanted? • Fletcher v. Peck 1810 – Contracts legal even if shady • Worcester v. Georgia 1831 – U.S., not states over Indians

  18. Reflection Questions • What were the causes of the War of 1812 and were they solved with the war? • In what ways was the “Era of Good Feelings” after the war not so good and happy? • How did Presidents Madison and Monroe go away from the original ideas of Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans? • How did the Federalist Party finally die, but how did it actually continue on for two decades?

  19. Links • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsRK3DNoa_Q – Battle of New Orleans song • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsH9cR9Hv-c&list=UUZYs757tACChkS-vjS1m66Q&index=2&feature=plcp – review video (War of 1812) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVZhJT1tBW4&list=UUZYs757tACChkS-vjS1m66Q&index=55&feature=plcp – review video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGDRnNneGvQ&feature=fvwrel – Presidents song

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