PRIMARY ELEMENTS Arch. Nagham Ali Hasan 1st lecture-1st week 1 st semester 2009-2008

1. University of Palestine College of Applied Engineering & Urban Planning Department of Architecture, Interior Design & Planning PRIMARY ELEMENTS Arch. Nagham Ali Hasan 1st lecture-1st week 1st semester 2009-2008 Visual Training & Sketching (EAGD2101)

2. PRIMARY ELEMENTS

3. Today’s Agenda • Overview • The lecture: Primary elements • 1. Point • 2. Line • 3. Plane • 4. Volume

4. Primary Elements: • Point • Line • Plane • Volume 1D 2D 3D

5. Point: • A dot on a surface • It has no length, width. • It is static, centralized, and stable… Point

6. Point in architecture • It is the top plan of any vertical linear element such as: • Column • Obelisk • Tower

7. Point

8. Point

9. Plan of apartments Marina City

11. Point…. • Point can serve to mark: • Two ends, • intersection, and • line meetings at corners. • It create visual tension with its field.

12. Two points describe a line that connects them.

13. line … • is a point extended in the space in one direction . with properties of : length , direction and position, but no width.

14. A line is an important element. It can serve to: • Join, link, support, surround, or intersect other visual elements. • Describe the edges of and give shape to planes. • Articulate the surfaces of planes

18. :Types of lines

19. Visual construction: • Vertical lines • Horizontal lines • Curved lines • Oblique lines

20. Horizontal Lines • suggests a feeling of rest. • Objects parallel to the earth are at rest in relation to gravity • Compositions in which horizontal lines dominate tend to be quiet and restful in feeling

21. Vertical Lines • Vertical lines communicate a feeling of loftiness and spirituality • They seem to extend upwards beyond human reach, toward the sky

22. Horizontal and Vertical Lines • Horizontal and vertical lines in combination communicate stability and solidity • Rectilinear forms stay put in relation to gravity, and are not likely to tip over • This stability suggests permanence, reliability and safety.

25. The oblique lines • suggest a feeling of movement or direction • unstable in relation to gravity, being neither vertical nor horizontal, they are either about to fall, or are already in motion • If a feeling of movement or speed is desired, or a feeling of activity, diagonal lines can be used

28. Curved Lines • Soft, shallow curves suggest comfort, safety, familiarity, relaxation • Have a pleasing, sensual, gentle quality

30. 3. Plane • line extended in a direction • Two dimensional (has width and height but no depth) • Can also create the illusion of three dimension objects

31. Plane… • Shapes is a plane`s primary identifying characteristic. • The surface properties of a plane, its color and texture, will affect its visual weight and stability. • Planes in architecture define three-dimensional volumes of form and space. • The generic types of planes: • The overhead plane. • The wall plane. • The base plane.

32. Plane…

33. Each wall in red colour represents a plane.

34. 4-Volume • A plane extended in a direction. • It has three-dimensions, length, width, and depth. • Volume can be: • solid, ”mass” sculpture • void, “space” room • enclosed “plane” courtyard