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Section 1: Early Steps to Reunion…. Chapter 18: Reconstruction And Changing the South…. What was Reconstruction…. Was the re-building of the south physically, politically, socially and economically after the civil war. Postwar Problems: North: South:. Issues After The War….
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Section 1: Early Steps to Reunion… Chapter 18: Reconstruction And Changing the South….
What was Reconstruction… • Was the re-building of the south physically, politically, socially and economically after the civil war. • Postwar Problems: • North: • South:
Issues After The War… • Reconstruction of the South. • FREEDMEN: • Men or Women who had been slaves • Nearly 4,000,000 Men and Women were now Free and Living in the South. • Most had no Land, Jobs, or Education.
Conflicting Plans for Reconstruction… • Some people wanted to punish the southerners severely for their act of treason (secession). • Others wanted what was referred to as “an easy peace”…..
Plans For Reconstruction… • 10 % PLAN=Easy • WADE - DAVIS BILL= Punitive.
Ten Percent Plan… • Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction. Amnesty: • Government Pardon. • # 1- A Southern State could reform it’s Government after 10 % of the State took an Oath of Loyalty to the United States.
Ten Percent Plan… • #2: Once the New State was Formed, it had to Abolish Slavery. • #3: Once Completed, the New State could Elect Men to Congress.
Wade-Davis Bill • Required the Majority of White Men in each Southern State to Swear Loyalty to the Union, Instead of 10 %. • Denied right to Vote or Hold Office for anyone who had volunteered to fight for the Confederacy.
The Freedmen’s Bureau… • Signed 1 month before Lee Surrendered. • A Government agency to help Former Slaves. • Gave Food and Clothing to them. • It also tried to find Jobs for Freedmen.
The Assassin John Wilkes Booth
The New President… • Vice President: Andrew Johnson . • Tennessee. • Loyal to the Union.
Johnson’s Plan… • Majority of Voters in each Southern State to pledge Loyalty to the United States. • All had to Ratify the 13th Amendment.
Congress Rebels… • Southern States all met Johnson’s conditions. • Approved their New State Governments in 1865. • South Elected New Representatives to Congress. • Republicans Outraged. • Many of those elected held Office in the Confederacy.
Section 2: Radical Reconstruction… Chapter 18: Reconstruction…
13th Amendment… • Abolition of slavery. • Slavery is finally against the Constitution.
Black Codes… • Were an attempt by the white southerners to deny African Americans their new freedom. • Severely limited the rights of Freedmen.
Black Codes… • African Americans could not: • Vote. • Own Guns. • Serve on juries.
Black Codes… • African Americans were able to legally marry and own some land.
Radical Republicans… • People in Congress who were opposed to Johnson. • Radicals are people who want to make drastic changes in society.
Radical Republicans… • 2 Goals: • # 1: Break the power of the rich southern plantation owners. • # 2: Give Freedmen the right to vote.
Radical Reconstruction… • Reconstruction policies put forward by the Republican Congress. • Strict policy toward the south. • 14th Amendment: • Blacks are citizens • 15th Amendment: • Blacks may vote
Republicans Impeach Johnson… • Because Johnson opposed many of the Radical Republicans policies, they tried to have him removed from office.
Impeach… • To bring formalchargesof wrongdoing against an elected official.
Impeachment Process… • House of Reps. can impeach a president for “high crimes and misdemeanors.” • Senate tries the case. • 2/3rds Majority must vote guilty.
A New President… Election of 1868…
