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2.4

2.4. Encounters in East Asia. Zheng He. Zheng He = China’s greatest explorer Leads 7 voyages of Chinese exploration and discovery Purpose of travels = impress the world with China’s power Distributed treasures to show Chinese superiority China received much tribute in return

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2.4

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  1. 2.4 Encounters in East Asia

  2. Zheng He • Zheng He = China’s greatest explorer • Leads 7 voyages of Chinese exploration and discovery • Purpose of travels = impress the world with China’s power • Distributed treasures to show Chinese superiority • China received much tribute in return • Chinese officials claim trips are worthless • Why spend money telling the world what they already know?

  3. Ming Dynasty • Hongwu becomes first Ming emperor – drives Mongols out of China • Begins agricultural reforms – increases food production • Yonglo (Hogwu’s son) wants to expand China’s tribute system • Tribute = payment from a weak country to a strong country to acknowledge its submission

  4. Qing Dynasty • Qing Dynasty takes over after the Ming • Qing leaders not Chinese; they’re from Manchuria • Many citizens disliked the leaders because of this • Qing leaders earn citizens’ respect • Isolation continues • China very arrogant • Expect rest of world to “kowtow” to them • Ritual to show submission • Most countries too proud to kowtow to China • Only Dutch participate in ritual – gain many economic benefits

  5. Japan • Civil war in Japan removes a central power and distributes it to shoguns or military leaders • Daimyo rule under the guide of the shogun • Daimyo = local warlords offer protection for loyalty of citizens • Oda Nobunaga a strong daimyo who tries to unify Japan • Commits seppuku when betrayed by one of his generals

  6. Japan • Tokugawa Ieyasu a strong daimyo • To keep power Tokugawa requires local leaders & families to spend each other year in the capital • When returning home, families required to remain in Edo • What is the impact of this? • Tokugawa uses families as hostages to control leaders • Ieyasu a strong daimyo & unifies Japan

  7. Japan • Japan initially welcomes foreigners • Portugal becomes major trade partner • European weapons become popular with daimyo • Christian missionaries come to Japan • Initially welcomed by Japanese because associated with weapons (both are foreign) • Many Japanese convert to Christianity

  8. Japan • Conversion to Christianity upsets Tokugawa • Bans Christianity in Japan • European values clashed with Japanese values • Japan closes its borders to foreign traders • Only one port open to foreign trade • Only Dutch and Chinese allowed to trade with Japan

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