Phonetics: The Sounds of Language Jan-March,2013

1. Phonetics: The Sounds of Language Jan-March,2013 Pam Allen pamela.allen@cms.k12.nc.us Stacy Feldstein stacy.feldstein@cms.k12.nc.us Mariana De Luca Mariana.deluca@cms.k12.nc.us

3. The Phonetic Alphabet (Fromkin et al., p. 232) • Orthography = alphabetic spelling • Phonetics = way for the same sound to be spelled with the same letter every time, and for any letter to stand for the same sound every time.

4. How do your spell ? • George Bernard Shaw complained that spelling was so inconsistent that fish could be spelled ghoti—ghas in tough, o as in women, and tias in nation.

5. Silent letters & hidden sounds

6. IPA

7. Table Below:ourepresents six distinct vowel sounds;the gh is silent in all but rough, where it is pronounced [f]; the th represents a single sound, either [Ð] or [ð], and the l in would is also silent.

8. [ə] = schwa • Sofa • represents vowels in syllables that are not emphasized in speaking and whose duration is very short • general, • about • reader • reserved for the vowel sound in all reduced syllables

9. PRACTICE! p. 261 #1, 2, 3, 5 #1 The first sound in each: • a. judge [dʒ] • b. Thomas [t] • c. though [ð] • d. easy [i] • e. pneumonia [n] • f. thought [θ] • g. contact [k] • h. phone [f] • i. civic [s] • j. usual [j]

10. PRACTICE! p. 261 #1, 2, 3, 5 #2: last sound in each • a.fleece [s] • b. neigh [eI] • c. long [ŋ] • d. health [θ] • e. watch [tʃ] • f. cow[aʊ] • g. rough [f] • h. cheese[z] • i. bleached [t] • j. rags [z]

11. PRACTICE! p. 261 #1, 2, 3, 5# 3: phonetic transcription • a. physics [fIzIks] • b. merry [meri] • c. marry [mæri] • d. Mary [meri] • e. yellow [jɛlo] • f. sticky [stIki] • g. transcription [trænskrIpʃən] • h. Fromkin[frəmkIn] • i. tease [tIz] • j. weather [wɛðər] • k. coat [kot] • l. Rodman [radmən] • m. heath [hiθ] • n. “your name” [stesi] • o. touch [tətʃ] • p. cough [kɔf] • q. larynx [lærIŋks] • r. through [θru] • s. beautiful [bjutəfəl] • t. honest [anəst] • u. president [prɛzədənt]

12. PRACTICE! p. 261 #1, 2, 3, 5#5 Write the words using normal English orthography. • [hit] = heat • [strok] = stroke • [fez] = phase • [ton] = tone • [boni] = bony • [skrim] = scream • [frut] = fruit • [pritʃər] = preacher • [krak] = crack • [baks] = box • [θæŋks] = thanks • [wɛnzde] = Wednesday • [krɔld] = crawled • [kantʃiɛntʃəs] = conscientious • [parləmɛntæriən] = parlimentarian • [kwəbɛk] = Quebec • [pitsə] = pizza • [bərakobamə] = Barack Obama • [dʒɔnməken] = John McCain • [tuθaʊzəndænd et] = two thousand and eight

14. Place of Articulation of English Consonants: TABLE 6.2, p. 238 • Bilabial: p b m • Labiodental: f v • Interdental: θ ð • Alveolar: t d n s z l r • Palatal: ʃʒtʃdʒ • Velar: k g ŋ • Glottal: h ʔ

15. Palatal: ʃʒtʃdʒ • the constriction occurs by raising the front part of the tongue to the palate. • mission [mɪʃən] • Measure [mɛʒər] • cheap [tʃip] • judge [dʒʌdʒ] • yoyo [jojo]

16. Velar: k g ŋ • sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum • The initial and final sounds of: • kick[kɪk] • gig [gɪg • final sounds of: • back [bӕk] • bag [bӕg] • bang [bӕŋ]

17. Uvulars [ʀ] [q] [ɢ] • produced by raising the back of the tongue to the uvula, the fleshy protuberance that hangs down in the back of our throats. • The r in French is often a uvular trill symbolized by [ʀ]. • The uvular sounds [q] and [ɢ] occur in Arabic. These sounds do not ordinarily occur in English.

18. Glottal: h ʔ • [h] • flow of air through the open glottis, and past the tongue and lips • a vowel sound always follows [h] • [ʔ] • air is stopped completely at the glottis by tightly closed vocal cords • glottal stop: interjection “uh-oh” [ʔʌʔo]

20. Helpful Handouts • file://localhost/Volumes/FELDSTEIN/SCAN/IPA and Phonetics Handouts.pdf