By: Adriana Ramirez Paras Oad Yvonne Hernandez

1. Nervous System By: Adriana Ramirez Paras Oad Yvonne Hernandez

2. THE BRAIN

5. INFORMATION ABOUT THE BRIAN • The brain is the control center for movement, sleep, hunger, thirst, and virtually every other activity that people need to survive. • The brain is a pinkish-gray mass that is composed of about 10 billion nerve cells. The nerve cells are linked to each other and together and are responsible for the control of all mental functions. • The brain is divided into three major parts, the hindbrain (including the cerebellum and the brain stem), the midbrain, and the forebrain (including the diencephalons and the cerebrum).

6. FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN • The cerebellum is the hind part of the brain. It is made up of gray, unmyelinated cells on the exterior and white, myelinated cells in the interior. The cerebellum controls muscular movements and, along with the midbrain, monitors posture. It is necessary to the control of movement of the human body in space.

7. The cerebrum occupies the most portion of the skull. It is by the largest part of the brain. It makes up about 85% of the brain's weight. The cerebrum is split vertically into left and right hemispheres. It is the thinking part of the brain. It helps you remember things.

8. QICK FACTS ABOUT THE BRAIN • Your brain uses 20% of your body's energy, but it makes up only 2% of your body's weight. • Average number of neurons in the brain = 100 billion. • Your brain generates 25 watts of power while you're awake---enough to illuminate a light bulb.

10. The hypothalamus, occupying the rest of the diencephalons, controls the heartbeat, the body temperature, and the fluid balance.

11. The medulla oblongata The medulla oblongata is an enlarged continuation of the spinal cord extending up into the "pons" (a large bulge under the brain stem). controlling reflex activities such as coughing, gagging, swallowing and vomiting.

12. INTERNEURON • That acts as a link between sensory neurons and motor neurons. which is entirely in the central nervous system (i.e. the brain and spinal cord). it is the basic building block of the brain.  It guides memory, personality, learning, deciding, and any other thoughts that our brains can come up with.

13. Axon-extension from the cell that carries nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons Axon

14. Matter Gray matterareas of the brain that are dominated by cell bodies and have no myelin covering (in contrast to white matter). Contains relationship with neurons that relay information between the spiral cord and spinal nerve. White matterthe shiny layer underneath the cortex that consists of nerve fibers (axons) with white myelin sheaths (in contrast to gray matter).

15. Thalamus A large mass of gray matter deeply inside the forebrain at the top portion of the diencephalon. It relays information from senses to appropriate parts of the cerebrum.

16. Dendrite • Carries impulses from neighboring cells. • Nerve impulse- an electrical signal that travels along a neuron. Information is carried through the nervous system in the nerve impulses. • Nerve-Bundle of nerve fibers that ferries nerve impulses between the central nervous system and all parts of the body. • Stimulant- a drug that temporarily quickens some vital process in the brain.

17. Nervous System

18. Parts of the brain • Brainstem • Cerebellum • Frontal Lobe • Occipital Lobe • Parietal Lobe • Temporal Lobe

19. Brain Parts and their function • Nervous system: set of nerves, ganglions and nervous centers that receive sensory signal. Commands and coordinates vital functions.Brachial plexus: network of nerves of the arm.Intercostal nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses between the ribs.Radial nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses in the area of the radius.Median nerve: main cord conducting nerve impulses in the upper limb.Ulnar nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses in the area of the elbow.Lumbar plexus: network of nerves of the lower back.Sciatic nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses in the area of the thigh and lower leg.Common peroneal nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses along the inside of the lower leg.Superficial peroneal nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses of the muscles and skin of the leg.Digital nerve: cord conducting nerve impulses of the fingers.Sacral plexus: network of nerves of the sacrum.Spinal cord: substance belonging to the nervous system, found in the holes of the vertebrae.Cerebellum: nervous centre situated under the brain.Cerebrum: seat of the mental capacities.

20. Synapse • The junction between two neurons (axon-to-dendrite) or between a neuron and a muscle "nerve impulses cross a synapse through the action of neurotransmitters" • Synapse are tiny gaps where the communication takes place in the brain.

21. Disease • Tumors- Tumors affect the brain and slow down its function • Cerebral palsy- caused by developmental defect or damage to the brain at birth • Multiple sclerosis- disease that affects the brain by making it weaker. People ‘s muscles lose coordination • A virus is the poliomyelitis (which causes polio) it may attack the brain and spinal cord. You can take a shot and prevent from getting polio • Neuralgia- Sharp, severe paroxysmal pain extending along a nerve or group of nerves • Spina Bifida- defect in which the spinal column is imperfectly closed so that part of the meninges or spinal cord protrudes • Meningitis- Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and the spinal cord • Huntingtons disease- loss of certain brain cells

22. Marijuana and the nervous system • Marijuana affects the nervous system with a lot of things • relaxation • reduced coordination • reduced blood pressure • sleepiness • disruption in attention • an altered sense of time and space...a good reason not to drive or operate machinery while under the influence In high doses, marijuana can cause: • hallucinations • delusions • impaired memory • disorientation.

23. Nervous System vocabulary • Central nervous system- main part of the human body which has the spinal cord and the brain • Peripheral nervous system- nerves outside the central nervous system • Somatic nervous system- motor neurons to central nervous system • Autonomic nervous system- regulates involuntary action like the heart, intestine and glands • Neuron- impulse-conducting cells that constitute the brain, spinal column, and nerves • Sensory neuron- transmits nerve impulses from a sense organ towards the central nervous system • Motor neuron- conveys impulses from the central nervous system to a muscle, gland, or other tissue • Synapse- junction across which a nerve impulse passes from an axon terminal to a neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell

24. Reflex Response • A somatic reflex arc is one in which there is the simplest possible arrangement of elements to permit a response to stimuli, and in which the final element in the chain is skeletal muscle

25. Reflex Response