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CHAPTER 16

CHAPTER 16. CENTRAL--WESTERN EUROPE. CHAPTER 16-SECTION 1. FRANCE CALLED A “ HEXAGON ” IF YOU STRAITEN IT OUT IT HAS 6 SIDES WATER SURROUNDS THIS COUNTRY ON 3 SIDES ENGLISH CHANNEL ATLANTIC OCEAN MEDITERRANEAN SEA. REGIONS AND ECONOMICS. NORTHERN FRANCE CAPITAL--PARIS

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CHAPTER 16

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  1. CHAPTER 16 CENTRAL--WESTERN EUROPE

  2. CHAPTER 16-SECTION 1 • FRANCE • CALLED A “HEXAGON” • IF YOU STRAITEN IT OUT IT HAS 6 SIDES • WATER SURROUNDS THIS COUNTRY ON 3 SIDES • ENGLISH CHANNEL • ATLANTIC OCEAN • MEDITERRANEAN SEA

  3. REGIONS AND ECONOMICS • NORTHERN FRANCE • CAPITAL--PARIS • CENTER OF POLITICS AND INDUSTRY • PARIS BASIN • ENTIRE SEINE RIVER REGION • LILLE--INDUSTRIAL CITY NEAR PARIS • PRODUCES STEEL, TEXTILES, CHEMICALS

  4. FRENCH REGIONS BY NAME

  5. VINEYARDS OF THE SOUTHWEST • WARMER AND DRIER REGION • NOTED FOR GRAPE VINEYARDS AND THE PRODUCTION OF WINE • BORDEAUX REGION • PRODUCES FAMOUS BORDEAUX WINE,COGNAC, BURGUNDY WINES

  6. SOUTHERN FRANCE • BORDERED BY 2 MOUNTAIN RANGES • MASSIF MOUNTAINS • ALPS MOUNTAINS • REGION BISECTED BY THE RHONE RIVER • MASSIF REGION--LIMITED INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE • ALPS REGION-BORDER TO ITALY • NOTED FOR TOURISM--SKI RESORTS

  7. SOUTHEASTERN FRANCE • ALONG THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA • NOTED TOURIST AREA • RIVERIA RESORT AREA • CANNES--FAMOUS FILM FESTIVAL • MARSEILLES--CHIEF SEAPORT • CONNECTS TO ALL THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA PORTS

  8. EASTERN FRANCE-INDUSTRIAL AREA • RHINE RIVER VALLEY--RHINE RIVER • PART OF BORDER WITH GERMANY • ALSACE AND LORRAINE • CHIEF RESOURCE REGION • STRASBOURG-CHIEF PORT • BOTH GERMANY & FRANCE WANTED THIS REGION DURING WW I AND WW II

  9. HISTORY OF FRANCE • INITIALLY CALLED GAUL • CONQUERED BY ROMANS IN 100 B.C. • CHARLEMAGNE TURNS FRANCE INTO DOMINANT EMPIRE IN 800 A.D. • BECAME A KINGDOM OF FRANCE-1500’S • 1870-1940 GERMANY INVADES FRANCE THREE TIMES.

  10. HISTORY OF FRANCE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1lreM8e6EM • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eUfcZ1r5aE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=By7LvganKGY&NR=1

  11. LANGUAGE AND CULTURE • STRONG NATIONAL IDENTITY • ONE LANGUAGE-DIFFERENT DIALECTS • VARIATIONS OF LANGUAGE • FAMOUS FOR ACHIEVMENTS IN: • ART--IMPRESSIONIST PAINTING • PHILOSOPHERS--VOLTAIRE & DESCARTES • FAMOUS MUSEUM--THE LOUVRE • THEATER, BALLET, OPERAS, ETC

  12. FRANCE TODAY • NATIONALIZED MANY BUSINESSES • CONTROLLED BY THE GOVERNMENT • JOINED THE ECONOMIC ALLIANCE • EUROPEAN ECONOMIC UNION • FACED RECESSION IN 1990’S-2000 • HAS REFUSED TO JOIN OR HELP THE U.S. IN IRAQ.

  13. CHAPTER 16--SECTION 2 • GERMANY • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqjlIgK0bXg&feature=related

  14. GERMANY-A HISTORY OF BEING DIVIDED • 800 AD, PART OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE • BROKEN INTO INDEPENDENT STATES • EMPIRE FURTHER DIVIDED BY PROTESTANT / CATHOLIC SPLIT IN 1500’S • BECAME THE GERMAN CONFEDERATION IN 1700’S

  15. GERMANY IN WW. I • AS PART OF TRIPLE ALLIANCE • FOUGHT IN WWI WITH THE CENTRAL POWERS • GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, OTTOMAN EMPIRE (TURKEY) • LOST THE WAR-FORCED TO PAY REPARATIONS • PAYMENTS TO “REPAIR” THE DAMAGES • CAUSED INFLATION, LED TO A DEPRESSION IN GERMANY. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41KXZHmIn-o

  16. GERMANY 1939-1945 • RULED BY ADOLF HITLER • CONQUERED FRANCE & EASTERN EUROPE • RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HOLOCAUST • FELL TO THE ALLIES IN 1945 • OCCUPIED IN EAST BY SOVIET UNION AND IN THE WEST BY U.S., ENGLAND, AND FRANCE. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lesNQAf0F0I&feature=related

  17. GERMANY 1949-1990 • GERMANY SPLIT INTO 2 SECTIONS • FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF WEST GERMANY • GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC-EAST • BERLIN WALL BUILT TO SEPARATE CITY • WALL TAKEN DOWN BY 1990 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZCwlKiiZrs&feature=related

  18. REGIONS OF GERMANY • NORTHERN PLAIN--FARMING AREA • CAPITAL CITY OF BERLIN. • ELBE RIVER IS THE CHIEF RIVER OF THIS AREA. • LARGEST PORT--HAMBURG • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICrLx5aoo9w

  19. CENTRAL GERMANY • CHIEF INDUSTRIAL AREA • RUHR VALLEY (IRON & STEEL PRODUCTION • LIGNITE (SOFT COAL) • MOST POPULATED AREA • 2 MAJOR RIVERS OF THE AREA • RHINE RIVER • ELBE RIVER • FRANKFURT--BANKING CENTER OF GERMANY

  20. SOUTHERN GERMANY • DOMINATED BY THE ALPS • RHINE AND DANUBE RIVER • MUNICH--CHIEF CULTURAL CENTER

  21. GERMANY TODAY • LEADING INDUSTRIAL NATION OF EUROPE • 5TH IN THE WORLD IN GDP • PART OF THE EUROPEAN UNION • FAMOUS FOR: • INDUSTRY • BEER AND WINE • THE AUTOBAHN • PROBLEMS OF GERMANY: • OLDER POPULATION • UNEMPLOYMENT • POLLUTION

  22. THE AUTOBAHN • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYPCLtA-ETk&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbdH-J6UoYI&feature=related

  23. CHAPTER 16 SECTION 3THE BENELUX COUNTRIES • BELGIUM, NETHERLANDS, LUXEMBOURG • ALSO CALLED THE LOW COUNTRIES • SMALL LAND AREA BUT DENSE POPULATION. (26.4 MILLION PEOPLE)

  24. THE NETHERLANDS • MOST OF LAND SURROUNDED BY EMBANKMENTS OF EARTH & ROCK • DIKES BUILT BY DUTCH AND ROMANS • RECLAIMED LAND BY PUMPING OUT WATER--LAND CALLED “POLDER” • 1/3 OF THE LAND IS BELOW SEA LEVEL. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zDauA9QEkQ

  25. MAKING USE OF THE LAND AND LOCATION • 16 MILLION PEOPLE IN SMALL AREA • 50% OF LAND USED IN AGRICULTURE • RANDSTAD--METROPOLIS OF 4 CITIES • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cZmLj90fPo&feature=fvsr • LAND CANNOT BE WASTED • PORT CITIES MAKE IT LEADING TRADE NATION OF EUROPE! • CAPITAL IS AMSTERDAM (THE HAGUE IS WHERE THE GOVERNMENT IS LOCATED)

  26. BELGIUM • A LAND OF DIFFERENT CULTURES • 30% SPEAK FRENCH--WALLOONS • 55% SPEAK FLEMISH--(DUTCH) • ONLY ALLOWED THE WALLOONS TO HOLD GOVERNMENT JOBS • CAPITAL CITY OF BRUSSELS • GOVERNMENT DECENTRALIZED • DIVIDED INTO 3 REGIONS: • WALLONIA, FLANDERS, BRUSSELS

  27. FACTS ON BELGIUM • Belgium has a literacy rate of 99% • The life expectancy is 78.6 • 85% of Belgians live in towns and cities • Nearly 80% of the population of Belgium is Roman Catholic

  28. LUXEMBOURG • ONLY 990 SQUARE MILES • SMALLER THAN RHODE ISLAND • 3 MAIN LANGUAGES • FRENCH, GERMAN, LUXMBOURGISH • VERY HIGH STANDARD OF LIVING. • STEEL AND HIGH TECH INDUSTRY • MEMBER OF THE EUROPEAN UNION • CAPITAL CITY IS ALSO “LUXEMBOURG”

  29. SECTION 4--SWITZERLAND AND AUSTRIA • ALPS MAKE UP HALF OF THESE COUNTRIES • BOTH COUNTRIES POLITICALLY NEUTRAL • NEITHET BELONG TO NATO

  30. SWITZERLAND • HAS 3 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES • GERMAN (64%) • FRENCH (19%) • ITALIAN (ROMANASCH) • OFFICIAL NAME IS “CONFEDERATION HELVETICA” • CAPITAL CITY IS “BERN”

  31. SWITZERLAND-PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT CULTURE • FORMED IN 1291 WHEN 3 CANTONS OR (STATES) COMBINED--SWISS CONFEDERATION. • SWITZERLAND HAS NOT BEEN IN A WAR SINCE 1798--BEEN NEUTRAL! • TODAY COUNTRY HAS 26 CANTONS! • EACH CANTON IS SELF GOVERNING

  32. SWITZERLAND’S ECONOMY • NO RESOURCES-NO HEAVY INDUSTRY • SKILLED LABOR PRODUCTS • SWISS WATCHES • MICROSCOPES • MEDICINES • SWISS BANKING WORLD FAMOUS • RELY HEAVILY ON TOURISM TO THE SWISS ALPS

  33. AUSTRIA • ONCE WAS PART OF LARGE AUSTRIA-HUNGARY EMPIRE. • DEFEAT IN WWI COST AUSTRIA LARGE AMOUNTS OF LAND • TODAY DOMINATED BY THE ALPS. • MOST OF THE POPULATION LIVES IN EASTERN LOWLANDS

  34. AUSTRIA’S ECONOMY • LIKE SWITZERLAND, CONCENTRATE ON SPECIALIZED INDUSTRY. • MACHINE TOOLS, CHEMICALS, TEXTILES • AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: • DAIRY FARMIMNG • MINERAL RESOURCES INCLUDE IRON ORE IN EASTERN ALPS, ALUMINUM, MAGNESIUM, COPPER, LEAD. • STRIP MINING

  35. VIENNA-CAPITAL CITY • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZBUHZxtDJM&feature=related

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