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Airborne Laser Technology for Hydrography and Coastal Mapping (LIDAR)

Airborne Laser Technology for Hydrography and Coastal Mapping (LIDAR). Grady Tuell, Ph.D. ftp://moray.dms.usm.edu/beyond_navigation_workshop. Introduction to Optech Introduction to SHOALS Characterization of SHOALS performance Depth accuracy Depth penetration Horizontal accuracy

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Airborne Laser Technology for Hydrography and Coastal Mapping (LIDAR)

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  1. Airborne Laser Technology for Hydrography and Coastal Mapping (LIDAR) Grady Tuell, Ph.D. ftp://moray.dms.usm.edu/beyond_navigation_workshop

  2. Introduction to Optech • Introduction to SHOALS • Characterization of SHOALS performance • Depth accuracy • Depth penetration • Horizontal accuracy • Beyond Safety of Navigation • Auto-extraction of shoreline • Topo/bathy visualizations • Active bottom images (pseudoreflectance) • 3D Benthic Mapping • Water Column Data

  3. Introduction to Optech

  4. Optech: 30 years of LIDAR technology

  5. ALTM and SHOALS pulse repetition rates 0.01 MW 500 MW

  6. Global Deployment of Optech Airborne Systems 1. Japan Coast Guard 3. Fugro Pelagos 2. JALBTCX

  7. Introduction to SHOALS

  8. SHOALS-1000T Near shore On shore Deep water Niche: shoreline and shallow water

  9. SHOALS-1000T Sensor • 1-kHz hydro laser • 4 mJ @ 532 nm • 3 mJ @ 1064 nm • 9-kHz topo laser • 6 uJ @ 1064 nm • 4-channel receiver • 10 cm aperture

  10. SHOALS-1000T Consoles Power Distribution Laser Power Supply Laser Electronics Laser Chiller 18” LCD Display MirroredRHDs Compact Flash (OrFloppyDrive)

  11. SHOALS: Typical Installation

  12. SHOALS: Operational Concept

  13. 4 Waveforms per Pulse IR Surface Raman APD Green PMT Green

  14. Design Scan Pattern

  15. Scan Patterns for Hydrographic Mode

  16. Performance Characterization Depth Measurement Accuracy Underwater Horizontal Accuracy Depth Penetration

  17. Measurement Rate - - hydro - topo Measurement Depth Depth Penetration Operating Altitude Aircraft Speed Laser Spot Spacing Swath Width Measurement Accuracy Airborne System Weight 1000 Hz 9 kHz 50 m kD > 3 (daytime) 200 - 400 m 125 - 175 knots 2x2, 3x3, 4x4, 5x5 m up to 0.58 x altitude IHO Order 1 210 kg SHOALS 1000T Specifications

  18. SFOTC – Ft. Lauderdale (8/03)

  19. Extinction depth = 39m 11 3 1 2 10 4 9 5 6 7 8

  20. Acoustic depths – SHOALS depths 10386 points; mean difference = 0.145m; sigma = 0.188m

  21. IHO-1 Depth Accuracy (95% confidence) 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 Depth (m)

  22. Underwater Horizontal Accuracy Ten 2x2x2 m cubes were placed in the project area

  23. Underwater Horizontal Position Accuracy • Example waveform for 2m cube in 26m depth

  24. Multiple detections of a 2m cube at 18m depth • Grid is 1m x1m • Yellow and Black squares are averages of 14 eastbound and westbound flights • Separation of averages is 1.3 meters eastbound westbound Avg eastbound Avg westbound

  25. Depth Penetration Test Courtesy of Viktor Feigels (Optech Int.) and Alan Weideman (NRL)

  26. Extinction depth = 39m Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient: Kd = 0.09 m-1 Extinction Depth = 39m Kd * D = 3.5

  27. Beyond Safety of Navigation Auto-extraction of shoreline Topo/bathy datasets SHOALS seafloor images (pseudoreflectance) 3d Benthic mapping and water column data

  28. MHW Shoreline MLLW Shoreline Shoreline Mapping is a 3-D problem Private uplands Inland Waters; Tidelands Territorial Seas; EEZ; and High Seas

  29. LIDAR-derived MHW Shoreline (ALTM) Seal Rocks ( Courtesy of Jason Woolard at NOAA/NGS )

  30. Topo/bathy datasets Ft. Lauderdale Beach Front

  31. SHOALS Bottom Images (pseudoreflectance)

  32. Pseudoreflectance

  33. 44 flightlines 13 Km x 3 Km 6.8 M points APD/PMT merged at 12 m 5.0 m pixels Max D = 37 m

  34. Laser Data Spectral Data Active/Passive Fusion 3D Coastal Landcover and Benthic information Water column information + =

  35. Lls Llb rl SHOALS-1000TH Lla D, r

  36. Spatial Variation in Water Column Homogeneous areas in SHOALS pseudoreflectance CASI-2 L534water CASI-2 K534

  37. Spectrometer r534 SHOALS r532 DEPTH Signal level fusion yields 3 data sets for classification

  38. SHOALS r532 waveforms Llbottom waveforms SHOALS depth rl FUSION Processor kl radiance waveforms Llwater spectrometer SHOALS Fusion Software

  39. Example: Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii

  40. 3-d Benthic Habitat Mapping Orange = Sand Green = Seagrass Violet = Uncolonized Pavement Yellow = Colonized Pavement Brown = Macroalgae (50-90%) Blue = Macroalgae (10-50%) Black = Not Classified

  41. UAV 3D Environmental Mapping Higher Resolution Evolution of SHOALS SHOALS-T

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