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Anthropology, Eleventh Edition

Anthropology, Eleventh Edition. William Haviland, University of Vermont. Part 1 Anthropology. The Challenge of Knowing Ourselves. Part Outline. Chapter 1 The Essence of Anthropology Chapter 2 Biology and Evolution Chapter 3 Living Primates. Chapter 1. The Essence of Anthropology.

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Anthropology, Eleventh Edition

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  1. Anthropology, Eleventh Edition William Haviland, University of Vermont

  2. Part 1 Anthropology The Challenge of Knowing Ourselves

  3. Part Outline • Chapter 1 The Essence of Anthropology • Chapter 2 Biology and Evolution • Chapter 3 Living Primates

  4. Chapter 1 The Essence of Anthropology

  5. Chapter Outline • What is Anthropology? • What do Anthropologists do? • How do Anthropologists do what they do?

  6. What Is Anthropology? • The study of humankind everywhere, throughout time. • Seeks knowledge about what makes people different and about what they all have in common.

  7. What Do Anthropologists Do? • Study humans as biological organisms. • Trace the evolutionary developmentof humans. • Investigate biological variation past and present.

  8. How Do Anthropologists Work? • Formulate hypotheses to develop theories supported by data. • Anthropologists do fieldwork to become familiar with situations and recognize patterns in the data.

  9. Fields of Anthropology • Physical Anthropology • Archaeology • Linguistic Anthropology • Cultural Anthropology

  10. Fields of Anthropology

  11. Physical Anthropology • Also called biological anthropology. • Focuses on humans as biological organisms, evolution, and human variation. • Analyze fossils and observe living primates to reconstruct the ancestry of the human species.

  12. Cultural Anthropology • The study of customary patterns in human behavior, thought, and feelings. • Focuses on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures. • Two main components: ethnography and ethnology.

  13. Archaeology • Studies material remains in order to describe and explain human behavior. • Study tools, pottery, and other features such as hearths and enclosures that remain as the testimony of earlier cultures.

  14. Linguistic Anthropology Studies human languages: • Description of a language - the way a sentence is formed or a verb conjugated. • History of languages - the way languages change over time. • The study of language in its social setting.

  15. Ethnology • Also called sociocultural anthropology. • Concentrates human ideas and practices as they can be seen and experienced. • When possible, the ethnologist becomes ethnographer by living among the people under study.

  16. Anthropology’sComparative Method • Uses the methods of other scientists by developing hypotheses and arriving at theories. • Anthropologists make comparisons between peoples and cultures past and present, related species, and fossil groups.

  17. The Scientific Approach and Anthropology Difficulties: • Objectivity: It is difficult for someone who grew up in one culture to frame objective hypotheses about other cultures. • Validity:The reliability of the ethnographer’s account is not easily validated.

  18. Questions Of Ethics Anthropologists have obligations to: • Those whom they study. • Those who fund the research. • Those in the profession who expect a study to be published so they can further the research in the field.

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