Chapter 20 Section 1

1. Chapter 20 Section 1 • Civil Rights Movement • WW2 set the stage for the civil rights movement • Opened new job opportunities • One million African Americans served • Came home and fought to end discrimination • During the war, civil rights organizations fought for voting rights and challenged Jim Crow laws • Challenging Segregation in Court

2. Chapter 20 Section 1 • Campaign led by the NAACP • Focused on inequality between separate schools that states provided • Lawyer Thurgood Marshall argued many of these cases and later became first African American to serve on Supreme Court • Thurgood won Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in front of Supreme Court which was Marshall’s most stunning victory • Supreme Court struck down segregation in public schools as a violation of 14th amendment to be implemented “with all deliberate speed” • Official reaction was mixed and within a year, 500 school districts had desegregated • Some areas resisted and there was a reappearance of the KKK while the • Governor of Georgia claimed that “Georgia will not comply”!

3. Chapter 20 Section 1 • Crisis in Little Rock • State had been planning for desegregation Governor Faubus ordered the National Guard to turn away the “Little Rock Nine” • the 9 African American students who would integrate Little Rock Central High • A Federal judge ordered Faubus to let the students attend the school • Eisenhower placed the National Guard under federal control to watch the 9 attend school, but a year later, Faubus shut down the high school

4. Chapter 20 Section 1 • Little Rock Nine

5. Chapter 20 Section 1 • Montgomery Bus Boycott • African Americans were impatient with the slow speed of change and took direct action • 1955 – Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on bus in Montgomery Alabama and was arrested • JoAnn Robinson suggested a boycott of the buses • Leaders of the African American community formed the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) and elected 26 yr old Martin Luther King to lead • Dr. King made a passionate speech and filled the audience with a sense of mission • African Americans boycotted the buses for 381 days and filed a lawsuit • 1956 – Supreme Court outlawed bus segregation

6. Chapter 20 Section 1 • Montgomery Bus Boycott

7. Chapter 20 Section 1 • Martin Luther King, Jr. • MLK called his nonviolent resistance “soul force” • Influences • 1) Jesus – love one’s enemies • 2) Henry David Thoreau – concept of civil disobedience (refusal to obey an unjust law) • 3) A. Philip Randolph – Use massive demonstrations • 4) Gandhi – non violent resistance

8. Chapter 20 Section 1 • Movement Spreads • Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) staged the first sit-in in 1942 • African Americans would sit at segregated lunch counters and refuse to leave until they were serve • 1960 – students in North Carolina staged a sit-in at a lunch counter • Television crews covered the protest • African Americans were non-violent, but white resistance was not • Movement spread across nation (sitins in 48 cities)

9. 1.) What did the Jim Crow laws make legal? a.) Women’s right to vote b.) Segregation c.) Desegregation 2.) What case challenged the Jim Crow Laws? a.) Montgomery Boycott Case b.) Brown vs. the Board of Education c.) Rosa Parks vs. Board of Education 3.) What was the lawyers name who defeated the Jim Crow Laws? a.) Thurgood Marshall b.) Jim Crow c.) Rosa Parks 4.) What type of protest did Rosa Parks exhibit? a.) She refused to leave a restaurant until she was served b.) She was part of the Little Rock Nine c.) She refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus? 5.) Where did the Rosa Parks protest occur? a.) Montgomery Alabama b.) Little Rock Arkansas c.) Topeka 6.) Where was discrimination the strongest? a.) North b.) South c.) Midwest 7.) Which state refused to desegregate as a result of Brown vs. Board of Eduation? a.) Alabama b.) Arkansas c.) Georgia 8.) What happened to Rosa Parks after she refused to give up her seat? a.) She arrested b.) She was violently removed and told to go home c.) She was attacked by all of the other white people on the bus 9.) How did Gandhi influence Martin Luther King Jr.? a.) To love your enemies b.) To disobey an unjust law c.) To carry out protests in a non violent manner 10.) What did the African American do in protest to the Rosa Parks incident? a.) They started riots b.) They boycotted the busses c.) They protested violently Chapter 20 Section 1 Quiz

10. Chapter 20 Section 1 Quiz Con’t. • 11.) What does NAACP stand for? • a.) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • b.) National African American Corporation of Peace • c.) National African American Core Peace makers • 12.) What happened to the Little Rock nine? • a.) The Arkansas Governer refused to let them in. • b.) The Arkansas Governor allowed them into his school immediately • c.) The National Guard refused to follow the Arkansas Governor’s command and • allowed the nine entrance into the school. • 13.) What did President Eisenhower do in response to Governor Faubus’ actions? • a.) He took control of the National Guard • b.) He allowed the states to make their own decisions on segregation • c.) He called off the National Guard to make sure the situation did not escalate • 14.) What did Governor Faubus do in response to being forced to allow the nine African • Americans in his school. • a.) He retired in protest • b.) He continued to protest • c.) He closed the school • 15.) Name one school that orchestrated a famous sit in. • a.) OSU • b.) OU • c.) North Carolina