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Air Quality Surveillance Branch (AQSB)

Air Quality Surveillance Branch (AQSB). Air Monitoring Operations Patrick Vaca. Air Quality Surveillance Branch . Branch Overview Air Monitoring Fundamentals Air Quality Monitoring Decisions Air Quality Monitoring Program Data Management AQSB Programs and Special Projects.

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Air Quality Surveillance Branch (AQSB)

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  1. Air Quality Surveillance Branch (AQSB) Air Monitoring Operations Patrick Vaca

  2. Air Quality Surveillance Branch • Branch Overview • Air Monitoring Fundamentals • Air Quality Monitoring Decisions • Air Quality Monitoring Program • Data Management • AQSB Programs and Special Projects

  3. Air Quality Surveillance Branch • Chief, Bill Oslund • Mission: To support the Board’s control by providing air quality data to help define the nature, extent and trend of the state’s air pollution problem.

  4. Branch Sections (5) • Air Quality Monitoring, North • Manager, Larry Molek • Air Quality Monitoring, Central • Manager, Pete Ouchida • Air Quality Monitoring, South • Manager, Curt Schreiber • Operations Support Section • Manager, Vacant • Special Purpose Monitoring • Manager, Ken Stroud

  5. Regulations • California • Health and Safety Code • USEPA • 40 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) 50 - NAAQS • 40 CFR 53 - Methods • 40 CFR 58 - Monitoring criteria

  6. Definitions • Reference Method • Equivalent Method • Accuracy • Precision • Standard Conditions

  7. Air Quality Monitoring Decisions • Monitoring Objectives • Network Design • Purpose of Monitoring Sites • Scales of Monitoring

  8. Monitoring Objectives • To determine highest concentrations expected to occur in the area covered by network • To determine representative concentrations in areas of high population density • To determine impact on ambient pollution levels of significant source categories • To determine background concentration levels

  9. Network Design • Eventual Use of the Data • Modeling • Baseline conditions • Land use decisions • Planning decisions • Previous Monitoring History

  10. Network Design • Emission Sources • Stationary sources • Mobile sources • Growth and projected new sources • Fugitive Sources • Re-entrained Sources

  11. Network Design • Pollutant Transport • Topography or Terrain • Climatology and Meteorology • Population Levels • Population Centers

  12. Network Design • Available Monitoring Sites • Station Start-up Costs • Equipment • Lease space tenant improvements • Station Operation Costs • Equipment operation and maintenance • Station costs (lease payments, heating, etc..) • Support Personnel (spare parts, repair, etc..)

  13. Purpose of Monitoring Sites • State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) • Nat’l Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS) • Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) • Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) • Special Purpose Monitoring (SPM)

  14. Scales of Monitoring • Microscale • Concentrations in air volumes from several meters up to 100 meters • Middle Scale • Concentrations in air volumes from 100 meters up to about .5 Km • Neighborhood • Concentrations in air volumes from .5 Km to 4 Km

  15. Scales of Monitoring • Urban • Concentrations in air volumes from 4 to 50 Km • Regional • Concentrations in rural air volumes from tens to hundreds of Km • National and Global • Concentrations in air volumes from representing a nation or the world as a whole

  16. Monitoring Objectives and Scale Monitoring Objective Appropriate Siting Scales Micro, Middle, Neighborhood (sometimes Urban) Highest Concentration Source Impact Micro, Middle, Neighborhood Neighborhood, Urban Population Neighborhood, Regional, Global General / Background

  17. Station Configuration • ARB has a standard configuration • District may have their own configuration parameters

  18. Station Siting • 40 CFR 58 - Siting Guidelines • If Not Properly Sited - Cannot Rely on Results • Each Pollutant Has Different Requirements Based on Pollutant Properties • Siting Criteria Also Dependent on: • Objective • Purpose • Scale

  19. Air Monitoring Instrumentation • Gaseous • Ozone, CO, NOx, HC, SO2 • Meteorological Instruments • Particulate • Toxics • Calibration Instrumentation

  20. Ambient Air Monitoring Program • Criteria Pollutants • Meteorological • Particulate • Toxics • Acid Deposition

  21. Criteria Pollutant Monitoring • Gaseous Criteria Pollutants • Ozone • Carbon Monoxide • Nitrogen Dioxide • Sulfur Dioxide

  22. Ozone • Colorless gas with a pungent, irritating odor • Continuously monitored with analyzers that measure the amount of UV absorbed by molecular ozone • Sampling Method (Ultraviolet Photometry) • Equivalent Method

  23. Ozone • Standards Level Time 0.09 ppm 1 hr California 0.12 ppm 0.08 ppm 1 hr 8 hr Federal

  24. Ozone • Analyzers • UV Analyzers • Mercury lamp (UV Source) • Analytical wavelength = 254 nm • Dasibi 1003AH • API 400

  25. UV Analyzer

  26. Carbon Monoxide • Colorless, odorless gas • Continuously monitored with analyzers that take advantage of its strong tendency to absorb IR radiation • Sampling Method (Non-Dispersive Infared Radiation, NDIR) • Reference Method

  27. Carbon Monoxide • Standards Level Time 9 ppm * 20 ppm 8 hr 1 hr California 9 ppm 35 ppm 8 hr 1 hr Federal * except Lake Tahoe: 6 ppm

  28. Carbon Monoxide • Analyzers • NDIR • Gas Filter Correlation • Analytical wavelength 4.7 m • TECO 48 • Dasibi 3008

  29. NDIR Analyzer

  30. Nitrogen Dioxide • Reddish-brown gas, with irritating odor • Continuously monitored indirectly with analyzers that measure total oxides of nitrogen • Sampling Method (Gas Phase Chemiluminescence) • Reference Method

  31. Nitrogen Dioxide • Standards Level Time California 1 hr 0.25 ppm Federal 0.053 ppm annual average

  32. Nitrogen Dioxide • Analyzers • Chemiluminescence • NO + O3 NO2 + h (300 - 500 nm) • High energy to generate O3 • Directly measure NO only • Reduce NO2 to NO in converter • Measure total NOx • Calculate NO2 by difference (NOx - NO) • TECO 14B and TECO 42

  33. Chemiluminescence Analyzer

  34. Sulfur Dioxide • Colorless gas, with a strong suffocating odor • Continuously monitored with analyzers that measure the level of fluorescence emitted by SO2 after being exposed to UV light • Sampling Method (UV Fluorescence) • Equivalent Method

  35. Sulfur Dioxide • Standards Level Time California 24 hr 1 hr 0.04 ppm 0.25 ppm Federal annual average 24 hr 3 hr 0.03 ppm * 0.14 ppm ** 0.5 ppm ** * primary; ** secondary

  36. Sulfur Dioxide • Analyzers • Fluorescence analyzers • UV excitation light (210 nm) • Measure emitted light (350 nm) • TECO 43

  37. Fluorescence Analyzer

  38. Calibration Equipment • Required to perform nightly calibrations • Equipment • Dilution Calibration Systems • Pure Air Generator • Certified Cylinder Gases

  39. Meteorological Monitoring Program • Transport of pollutants • Modeling • Ag Burn • Met One Instruments • EPA QA Handbook Volume IV

  40. Meteorological Instruments • Wind Direction • Wind Speed • Temperature • Relative Humidity • Rain Fall • Atmospheric Pressure

  41. Data Management • Data Quality Objectives (DQO’s) • Quality Control • Instrument technician training • Periodic training on existing and new equipment • Documentation • Equipment calibrations

  42. Data Management • Quality of data • Accuracy and Precision • Completeness • Valid Hour and Day • 30 continuous minutes in any one hr • 24 hr period must have in each 8 hr segment (0000-0759,0800-1559,1600-2359) at least 6 hrs of valid hourly data

  43. Data Management • Data Review and Editing • Air Quality Data Acquisition System (AQDAS) • Collects and processes data from statewide air monitoring network • First, second, third level reviews • Checked against strip charts and calibrations • Complete data set • Reviewed for accuracy and consistency

  44. Data Management • Data Submittal • Upload to Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) database • Air Quality Data Actions • data deletion • data correction

  45. AQSB Programs and Special Projects • AQDAS II • Mobile Air Monitoring (Rover’s) • Remote Meteorological Monitoring (Profiler’s) • Saturation Sampling • Instrument Intercomparison Study • Mexico Border Monitoring

  46. AQDAS II • Next generation data acquisition system • Network of Local Area Networks (LAN’s) using Environmental Monitoring Company (EMC) PC based software • Provide central database for air monitoring data • Data collected and edited on central system • Generate data in AIRS format

  47. Mobile Air Monitoring (Rover) • Short to medium ambient air monitoring • Full air monitoring stations • Two platforms • GMC Van (Blue Rover) • Wells Cargo Trailer (White Rover) • Current deployments • Tecate, Mexico • San Diego (Barrio Logan District)

  48. Blue Rover

  49. White Rover

  50. Saturation Sampling • Provide rapid and cost effective temporal and spacial distribution of pollutants • Sampler consists of (2) 5-liter tedlar bags, PC board, pump and battery • Samples for CO and particulates only

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