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The Social Experiment

The Social Experiment. Impact of Marijuana Legalization on Society. Marijuana History. First recorded reference – 2737 BC by Chinese Emporor Shen Nung Used as intoxicant Also used as medicine – gout, rheumatism and absent-mindedness India – Muslims used it as intoxicant

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The Social Experiment

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  1. The Social Experiment • Impact of Marijuana Legalization on Society

  2. Marijuana History • First recorded reference – 2737 BC by Chinese Emporor Shen Nung • Used as intoxicant • Also used as medicine – gout, rheumatism and absent-mindedness • India – Muslims used it as intoxicant • Alcohol is forbidden in the Koran • Reached Europe in 500 AD • Hashish introduced in 12th Century Iran and Central Africa

  3. Marijuana in the US • Introduced by the Spanish in 1611 • Used as cash crop (hemp) • 1920’s – caught on in U.S. • Jazz clubs and tea pads • Reefer songs • Marijuana was not considered a social threat

  4. The Movie - 1936 Reefer Madness • Funded by a church group • 68 minutes long • All smoke marijuana • Pedestrian killed • Pre-marital sex • Attempted rape • Friends kill one another • Insanity • Put in criminal asylum • End of movie – “This could happen to your son – and your daughter, etc…” • TELL YOUR CHILDREN!

  5. What Happened Next? • 1937 – Marijuana Tax Act • Uptick in marijuana use • Prohibitive tax on cultivation • Made federally illegal in a sense

  6. Marijuana – 1970’s and 1980’s • DEA created • Schedule I drug by President Nixon • 11 states decriminalized • 1972 – War on Drugs – President Nixon • 1976 – national parents group organizations targeted marijuana • 1986 – Just Say No by Nancy Reagan

  7. The New Reefer Madness?

  8. Marijuana Today • 23 States Legalized for Medicine • 10 States – CBD • 2 Recreational Marijuana • Marijuana Changes • Higher THC – 3% in 1970’s and 1980’s • THC Now – Average 12% • Edibles • Dabbing/Wax

  9. Marijuana Status (Medicinal)- 23 States and DC • California – 1996 • Alaska – 1998 • Oregon – 1998 • Washington – 1998 • Maine – 1999 • Colorado – 2000 • Hawaii - 2000 • Nevada – 2000 • Montana – 2004 • Vermont – 2004 • Rhode Island – 2006 • New Mexico - 2007 • Michigan– 2008 • Arizona – 2010 • DC – 2010 • New Jersey – 2010 • Delaware – 2011 • Connecticut – 2012 • Massachusetts - 2012 • Illinois – 2013 • New Hampshire – 2013 • Maryland – 2014 • Minnesota – 2014 • New York - 2014

  10. Marijuana Status (CBD) - 10 States • Alabama • Florida • Iowa • Kentucky • Mississippi • Missouri • South Carolina • Tennessee • Utah • Wisconsin

  11. Cannabidiol Medications • Children with Seizure Issues • Charlotte’s Web (Charlotte Figi) • Epidiolex (GW Pharmaceuticals) • Mixed Success with Epidiolex • Scant results with Charlotte’s Web • Epilepsy Foundation – Need for more testing • Georgia – HB885 failed • GW Pharmaceuticals and Georgia • Regents

  12. Marijuana Status (Recreational) • Colorado • Washington

  13. Colorado Washington Colorado – January 1, 2014 • 2 oz. – patient/1 oz. – citizen • ¼ oz. – visitor/non-citizen • Infused products can’t contain nicotine or alcohol • Can make multiple visits daily. • 25% tax rate • 136 stores • Can give it away to a person. • Can grow your own (3 plants) • Medical can switch to recreational shops • Could have it delivered • Smoke in homes, including front porch Washington – July 8, 2014 • 1 oz. – any person • 16 oz. – solid infused product • 72 oz. – liquid infused product • No language on alcohol/nicotine • 25% tax at each level • 334 stores • Can’t give it away • Can’t grow it • Medical may disappear • Could have it delivered • Smoke in home or clubs • 25% of hotel rooms can be marijuana rooms. How Much Can I Possess Legally?

  14. HIDTA Qualifying Criteria • Significant center of illegal drug production, manufacturing, importation, or distribution; • State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies have committed resources to respond to the drug trafficking problem in the area, thereby indicating a determination to respond aggressively to the problem; • Drug-related activities in the area are having a significant harmful impact in the area and in other areas of the country; and • A significant increase in allocation of Federal resources is necessary to respond adequately to drug related activities in the area.

  15. Rocky Mountain High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) REPORT • Created to: • Utilize a comparison of 3 different eras in Colorado’s legalization history • 2006-2008: Early medical marijuana era • 2009-2012: Medical marijuana expansion era • 2012 – present: MM expansion and recreational use era

  16. Rocky Mountain HIDTA Report Subjects covered: • Driving Fatalities • Colorado Youth Marijuana Use • Colorado Adult Marijuana Use • Colorado Emergency Room – Marijuana Admissions • Diversion of Colorado Marijuana (General) • Diversion of Colorado Marijuana (In the mail)

  17. Colorado HIDTA Report • Colorado serves as experimental lab • Wanted to look at validity of pro-pot claims: • Eliminate arrests • Free up law enforcement resources • Reduce traffic fatalities – alcohol to marijuana • No increase in use – tightly regulated • Added revenue • Reduce profits for the cartels

  18. 2000-2008 2009-Present • 5,993 patient applications • 4,800 cardholders • No retail stores • Regulations of five “patients” per caregiver • Only 55% designated a caregiver • End of 2009, 38,000 additional applications. • 41,000 cardholders • 2012 – 532 licensed dispensaries • 2012 – 108,000 “patients” • 94% of cardholders for severe pain • Denver - More dispensaries than pharmacies or liquor stores Green rush?

  19. Section 1: Car Crashes and Fatalities Overall Nationally: • 2009 - 32,367 traffic fatalities • Lowest level since 1949 • Down almost 2% • Traffic crashes in 2010 – 2,239,000 injured • Traffic crashes in 2011 – 2,217,000 injured • 2002 – 2,930,000 traffic injuries • 24% decrease • NHTSA and Federal Highway Administration

  20. Car crashes and fatalities Federal Highway Administration estimates: • Per person costs (medical and lost productivity): • $3.2 million cost per traffic fatality • $68,700 cost per traffic crash

  21. Car crashes and fatalities • Nationally, alcohol-related traffic fatalities down 2.5% (10,136 to 9,878) • Alcohol-related driving accounts for 31% of all traffic fatalities

  22. Common theme

  23. What others say • NIDA - After alcohol, THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the active ingredient in marijuana, is the substance most commonly found in the blood of impaired drivers, fatally injured drivers, and motor vehicle crash victims. • British Medical Journal - Drivers who smoke marijuana within a few hours of driving are almost twice as likely to get into an accident as sober drivers.

  24. Teen drivers Liberty Mutual/SADD survey • 19% admitted to driving after smoking marijuana • 36% - marijuana smoking no distraction while driving • 34% who admitted to smoking while high said it made them a better driver

  25. DUID – Marijuana Detected 2009 – 791 THC positives 2010 – 1489 THC positives 2011 – 2030 THC positives Source – Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment

  26. Colorado hidta report – fatalities • 2007-2012 – Traffic fatalities decreased 14% • 2007-2012 – Traffic fatalities involving drivers testing positive for marijuana increased 100% • In 2007, Colorado traffic fatalities involving operators testing positive for marijuana represented 7.04 percent of the total traffic fatalities. By 2012, that number more than doubled to 16.53 percent

  27. Fatalities Involving Operators Testing Positive for Marijuana

  28. Colorado HIDTA report - Fatalities • 2006 – positive for pot -28% of fatal vehicle crashes involving drugs • 2011 – positive for pot – 56% of fatal vehicle crashes involving drugs

  29. HIDTA Report Stats • Columbia University School of Public Health – car crash is 2.7 times higher for pot users • NHTSA (2009) – more people driving on weekends under the influence of marijuana (8.3%) compared to alcohol (2.2%)

  30. Section 2 – Marijuana and Youth Youth Risk Behavior Study (CDC - 2011) – More kids said they have smoked marijuana (23%) than cigarettes (18%)

  31. Youth perception of marijuana • "It is harmless and natural, it is only an herb, and it won't affect me long-term" • "It is not addictive" • "It doesn't hurt me as much as smoking tobacco" • "It makes me feel calm" • "It doesn't affect my thinking or my grades" • "It's safe because it is used as medicine for cancer and other diseases"

  32. Youth Marijuana Use Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Delaware, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico & Vermont

  33. Youth Marijuana Use Age 12-17

  34. Marijuana – Colorado Expulsions

  35. Is marijuana harmful to youth? • Memory loss • Distorted perception • Trouble with thinking • Problem solving issues • Loss of motor skills • Increased hearth rate • 2013 study – Higher stroke risk

  36. Harmful to youth? – recent studies • Marijuana is addictive • New Zealand study – 8 point IQ loss • Schizophrenia and psychosis - Marijuana use during adolescence and young adulthood increases the risk of psychotic symptoms, while continued cannabis use may increase the risk for psychotic disorder in later life - Maastricht University Medical Center in the Netherlands

  37. Mount Sinai Study • Review of 120 studies of youth marijuana use • Findings include: • Marijuana as a “safe drug” is scientifically inaccurate • More studies needed to accurately understand adolescent cannabis use on brain development • Association between cannabis use and subsequent addiction to heavy drugs • Association between cannabis use and psychosis • Other genetic behaviors factor into later drug use

  38. Section 2 – Colorado Youth Marijuana use • Used 30-day data and is classified as current use • Grades 9-12 – primary source of information for data • Most data was from 2006-2011

  39. Colorado youth marijuana use • Youth ages 12-17 • National average of current use – 7.55% • Colorado average of current use – 10.47% “If Denver Public High Schools were considered a state, that state would have the highest past month marijuana use rate in the US, behind New Hampshire.” - Dr. Christian Thurstone, Denver Health Medical Center

  40. National Colorado • 6.6% reported using marijuana daily • 7.8% reported using more than 40 times per month • Another 2.9% reported using between 20 and 39 times a month Daily marijuana use – 12th graders

  41. Section 3 – Colorado Adult Marijuana Use Who Cares?

  42. Colorado adult use Reasons that people say, “Who Cares?” • Marijuana will stop senseless arrests • Why do I care if someone smokes a little pot? • Regulate it and tax it – money for the state

  43. Perception Reality • People are arrested for having a joint in their pocket • 0.7% of all state inmates were behind bars for marijuana possession only (with many of them pleading down from more serious crimes).i • In total, one tenth of one percent (0.1 percent) of all state prisoners were marijuana-possession offenders with no prior sentences. • The vast majority (99.8%) of federal prisoners sentenced for drug offenses were incarcerated for drug trafficking. • Alcohol is responsible for 2.6 million arrests, a million more than for all illicit drugs combined. Stop arresting people for pot

  44. Why do I Care if someone smokes a little pot? • Addiction Services – Maintain Healthy Lifestyle (Prevention, Treatment and Recovery) • Business – Bottom line and workforce safety issues • Children’s Services agencies – Parent readiness and safety of child • Colleges – Financial aid and retention • Education – Testing requirements • Law Enforcement – Public safety and officer/employee issues • Legislators – Budget/jobs and then “election-time” issues

  45. Positive results increased by 5.7% since 2011 • Marijuana most frequently for positive tests

  46. Colorado • Estimated 15% of Colorado’s workforce is a current pot user (350,000 working adults)

  47. What pot means for business… • #1 reason for failed drug test • Scientific testing is undefined. • How safe is your workforce? • Crane operators, bus drivers, teachers, accountant, etc. • Marijuana compromises: • Hand/eye coordination • Cognitive judgment • Psycho motor reactions

  48. What pot means for business • Drug Use Impacts: • increased absences, tardiness, accidents, workers' compensation claims, productivity and job turnover • 3.6 times the accidents on the job • 5 times the accidents off the job • Which then effects: • BWC rates • Insurance coverage • HR responsibilities

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