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East Asian Withdrawal into Isolation

East Asian Withdrawal into Isolation. At a time of European Expansion. Ming and Qing China. And the End of the Great Ming Naval Expeditions. A Brief History of China. What is a dynasty? In sports? Dynasty: A line of people from the same family who rule a country

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East Asian Withdrawal into Isolation

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  1. East Asian Withdrawal into Isolation At a time of European Expansion

  2. Ming and Qing China And the End of the Great Ming Naval Expeditions

  3. A Brief History of China • What is a dynasty? • In sports? • Dynasty: • A line of people from the same family who rule a country • China’s history is a history of dynasties • Begins with the Qin dynasty – 221 BC • United various kingdoms • Last two: Ming & Qing

  4. The Ming Dynasty • 1368 – 1644 • Begins when Ming Hong Wu overthrows Mongols • Accomplishments • Expanded territory • Strengthened Great Wall • Naitonwide School system • Bureaucratic government • Improved Infrastructure • Expanded Navy • Then Disbanded Navy…

  5. Reign of Yong Le • Emperor Yong Le 1402 – 1424 • “Perpetual happiness” • Led many of the great Ming accomplishments • Moved capital from Nanjing to Beijing • Construction of the Imperial City • Grand Canal • Sponsored naval voyages to Africa

  6. Zheng He’s 7 Voyages • Yong Le sponsored 7 naval voyages to Africa • Led by Zheng He • Sailed in LARGE ships called junks • Established trade in Africa & India • Brought back riches & exotic animals from Inda & Africa • BEFORE Europeans found sea passage around Africa

  7. End of the Ming Naval Expeditions • Voyage stop after Yong Le’s death • More traditional Chinese bureaucrats in charge of gov’t • Main reasons: • Voyages were costly – money and lives • Diverted attention away from immediate domestic/security concerns – Mongols • Rather strengthen Great Wall • Trade seen as an inferior occupation

  8. Continued Isolation • Portuguese arrive in 1541 • Establish trade • First contact w/ Europe in long time • Christianity introduced • Chinese not bothered at first • Portuguese later expelled • Further trade greatly restricted

  9. Fall of the Ming • Ming dynasty falls in 1644 • Incompetent, young rulers • Corruption & high taxes • Famine & sickness • 1644 peasant revolts force Ming out of China • Emperor commits suicide • Peasants now control China • Opportunity??

  10. The Qing Dynasty • Manchus from the North soon march on Beijing • Easily defeat unorganized peasants • Announce new Dynasty: Qing or “pure” • Force Manchu culture on Chinese • Queues • Eventually restore peace and end economic/social problems

  11. The Tokugawa Shogunate And Japan’s Isolation

  12. Japan’s Feudal System • For centuries Japan operated according to a strict feudal system • Emperor/Shogun at top • Shogun = Supreme millitary commander • Daimyo next • Ruled the different territories like governors • Samurai • Warrior class • Farmers, Artisans, Merchants at bottom • In that order!

  13. Japan’s Han System • Japan was divided into 250 “hans” or territories • Each was controlled by a different Daimyo • But Daimyo were not all loyal to the Emperor • Samurai were loyal to respective Daimyo • Led to much Civil War • Land disputes & power struggles for centuries

  14. Unification of Japan • 3 Great Unifiers • Oda Nobunaga • ToyotomiHideyoshi • Tokugawa Ieyasu • Unite Japan through military measures and economic improvements • Tokugawa Ieyasu completes unification • Family rules Japan from 1603 – 1868 • “Tokugawa Shogunate” • “Edo Period” or “Great Peace”

  15. Threats to Japan’s new Stability • How to keep Daimyo loyal? • Hostage System • Daimyo had to maintain two homes • External threats • Christianity • Rulers fearful that citizens’ allegiances would be with the West (Christianity) • Technology • Rulers fearful that western tech would fall into the wrong hands • Edicts issued in 1635 that essentially ban all foreign trade (coming in and going out)

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