Complementing WTE A Proposal to Implement Recycling and Remediate the GT Landfill

1. <?xml version="1.0"?><AllQuestions /> <?xml version="1.0"?><AllResponses /> <?xml version="1.0"?><Settings><answerBulletFormat>Numeric</answerBulletFormat><answerNowAutoInsert>No</answerNowAutoInsert><answerNowStyle>Explosion</answerNowStyle><answerNowText>Answer Now</answerNowText><chartColors>Use PowerPoint Color Scheme</chartColors><chartType>Horizontal</chartType><correctAnswerIndicator>Checkmark</correctAnswerIndicator><countdownAutoInsert>No</countdownAutoInsert><countdownSeconds>10</countdownSeconds><countdownSound>TicToc.wav</countdownSound><countdownStyle>Box</countdownStyle><gridAutoInsert>No</gridAutoInsert><gridFillStyle>Answered</gridFillStyle><gridFillColor>255,255,0</gridFillColor><gridOpacity>50%</gridOpacity><gridTextStyle>Keypad #</gridTextStyle><inputSource>Response Devices</inputSource><multipleResponseDivisor># of Responses</multipleResponseDivisor><participantsLeaderBoard>5</participantsLeaderBoard><percentageDecimalPlaces>0</percentageDecimalPlaces><responseCounterAutoInsert>No</responseCounterAutoInsert><responseCounterStyle>Oval</responseCounterStyle><responseCounterDisplayValue># of Votes Received</responseCounterDisplayValue><insertObjectUsingColor>Red</insertObjectUsingColor><showResults>Yes</showResults><teamColors>Use PowerPoint Color Scheme</teamColors><teamIdentificationType>None</teamIdentificationType><teamScoringType>Voting pads only</teamScoringType><teamScoringDecimalPlaces>1</teamScoringDecimalPlaces><teamIdentificationItem></teamIdentificationItem><teamsLeaderBoard>5</teamsLeaderBoard><teamName1></teamName1><teamName2></teamName2><teamName3></teamName3><teamName4></teamName4><teamName5></teamName5><teamName6></teamName6><teamName7></teamName7><teamName8></teamName8><teamName9></teamName9><teamName10></teamName10><showControlBar>All Slides</showControlBar><defaultCorrectPointValue>0</defaultCorrectPointValue><defaultIncorrectPointValue>0</defaultIncorrectPointValue><chartColor1>187,224,227</chartColor1><chartColor2>51,51,153</chartColor2><chartColor3>0,153,153</chartColor3><chartColor4>153,204,0</chartColor4><chartColor5>128,128,128</chartColor5><chartColor6>0,0,0</chartColor6><chartColor7>0,102,204</chartColor7><chartColor8>204,204,255</chartColor8><chartColor9>255,0,0</chartColor9><chartColor10>255,255,0</chartColor10><teamColor1>187,224,227</teamColor1><teamColor2>51,51,153</teamColor2><teamColor3>0,153,153</teamColor3><teamColor4>153,204,0</teamColor4><teamColor5>128,128,128</teamColor5><teamColor6>0,0,0</teamColor6><teamColor7>0,102,204</teamColor7><teamColor8>204,204,255</teamColor8><teamColor9>255,0,0</teamColor9><teamColor10>255,255,0</teamColor10><displayAnswerImagesDuringVote>Yes</displayAnswerImagesDuringVote><displayAnswerImagesWithResponses>Yes</displayAnswerImagesWithResponses><displayAnswerTextDuringVote>Yes</displayAnswerTextDuringVote><displayAnswerTextWithResponses>Yes</displayAnswerTextWithResponses><questionSlideID></questionSlideID><controlBarState>Expanded</controlBarState><isGridColorKnownColor>True</isGridColorKnownColor><gridColorName>Yellow</gridColorName></Settings> <?xml version="1.0"?><AllAnswers /> New Concepts in Waste Disposal By: Walling Whittaker, MSc Complementing WTE A Proposal to Implement Recycling and Remediate the GT Landfill Complementing WTE A Proposal to Implement Recycling and Remediate the GT Landfill Complementing WTE A Proposal to Implement Recycling and Remediate the GT Landfill Complementing WTE A Proposal to Implement Recycling and Remediate the GT Landfill Complementing WTE A Proposal to Implement Recycling and Remediate the GT Landfill Complementing WTE A Proposal to Implement Recycling and Remediate the GT Landfill

2. Presentation Outline • A brief look at the GTLF – Issues and challenges • Innovation in Landfilling - Energy from Wastes • Solar Landfill • Sustainable Landfill • Potential for energy recovery at the GTLF

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7. Addressing the Problem Closing and Capping GTLF

9. Rainfall Cover System Waste Leachate Gas Leakage Engineered Containment Groundwater Lining System

10. Demerits of Mining the Existing Landfill According to GBB, it will take 19 years to mine the landfill and reduce it to grade During this period there will be a continuous release of landfill gas and odors over George Town • Continuous risk of Explosions, Sparks causing fires Workers will be continuously exposed to hazardous materials injury and loss of life

11. A Typical Landfill Cap

12. Is A Renewable Energy Cap the Remedy? A Solar Cap provides a protective barrier while generating energy to run equipment or produce revenue Need for topsoil and vegetation is eliminated. In areas where water is limited this saves money in O&M phase of project. Need for additional fill material (and associated heavy equipment and manpower) is eliminated while the remedy is equally protective.

13. Solar Energy Landfill Caps An Innovative Alternative to Traditional Landfill Capping

14. Advantages of Solar Energy Landfill Cap • Transforms a liability into a revenue • Potential to reduce post-closure care costs • Sale of renewable power • Carbon cap and trade credits • Innovative end-use for closed landfill • Positive public image

15. A great way to protect the environment and provide clean, renewable energy Landfill Design Benefits: Promotes positive drainage Minimizes infiltration Reduced maintenance Accommodates settlement Produces high quality stormwater runoff Solar Energy Landfill Caps

16. Two Types of Solar Caps

17. Rigid Panels

18. Flexible Panels

19. Placement of Rigid Panels

20. Project Opportunities for Flexible Solar Caps: • Closed or ‘inactive’ landfills • Sites located near transmission lines • Sites adjacent to large electricity load/demand

21. Existing Solar Landfill Projects • Malagrotta, Italy: 998 kW from PV in landfill cap • Brockton, Massachusetts 460 kW “Brightfield” with ground mounted panels • Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada 15 MW from tracking panels on old landfill • Republic Services, San Antonio, TX – solar demonstration project to incorporate PV membranes in landfill cap • FPL’s 250 kW solar panel array on closed Bee Ridge Landfill in Sarasota, FL • New Jersey Meadowlands Comm. Proposal for 5 MW solar project on Erie Landfill • FLS Energy to build and operate 1 MW PV array on closed landfill in North Carolina • Epuron PV array adjacent to G.R.O.W. Landfill owned by Waste Management in Bucks Co. PA

22. Solar Integrated Technologies, Malagrotta Italy Flexible Panel 1 Megawatt Landfill Application.

23. Tessman Rd. Landfill, Houston Tx Winner of the 2010 SWANA Gold Excellence Award for Landfill Secondary Use

24. 48 acres 7,000+ solar panels to produce over 1 MW of renewable energy over a 10-acre south slope Construction completed in July 2011 Hickory Ridge Landfill Atlanta, Georgia If this can be done in other countries…why not in Cayman?

25. A Solar Farm at GTLF • Solar radiation in Cayman reaches 6.6 Kwh/m2/day, from March to September • Can be designed using either flexible panels or rigid panels, ground mounted at 15 degrees angle. • With the price of energy averaging US$0.37/Kwh • Has the potential to produce 2.2Mw electricity

26. A Solar Farm at GTLF • A small section ( 10 acres ) of the GTLF could accommodate 9,300 rigid panels of 235 watts, each. • Based on climate data (10 years average), it has a potential capacity of 2.18 Mwp, on just 40,950 square meters of the site. • Enough electricity to power about 300 homes

27. A Solar Farm at GTLF • Total Investment: US$ 6.1 MM • Installed Capacity :2.18Mwp • Average production/yr:3.9MMKwh • Project life:25 yrs • Pay Back Years - 8 • Internal Rate of Return - 18% • NPV - US$8.9MM (6%)

28. Sustainable Landfills

29. What is a Sustainable Landfill? • An engineered landfill in which the cells are designed to operate as ‘bioreactors’ so that they can be reused again and again • Create conditions for waste degrading organisms to thrive • Most typically performed by increasing moisture content • Leachate recirculation • Air Injection • A large scale composting operation

30. Bioreactor Landfill Gas Production Conventional Landfill

31. The Sustainable Landfill Leachate Air Landfill Cover Leachate Collection System

33. Reduces the need to build new landfills Enhanced gas production Recovered space Reduced env. impact Reduced post-closure care Economic Benefits of Sustainable Landfills

34. Existing Projects • 10 field-scale demonstration projects in the US and Canada • Waste solids decomposition • Nitrogen cycling and management • Liquid distribution • Gas production modelling • Liquid waste bioassay development • Methane oxidation and emissions measurement • 8 patents issued 6 applications pending • Existing projects in Florida

35. New River Regional Landfill • Lined Landfill • Manages waste from several North Florida Counties (approximately 800 tons per day)

37. Gas is converted to “green” energy

38. Landfill Engineering is Becoming Innovative

39. Better Engineered Landfills When landfill is full, layers of soil and clay seal in trash Topsoil Sand Methane storage and compressor building Clay Electricity generator building Leachate treatment system Garbage Probes to detect methane leaks Methane gas recovery well Pipes collect explosive methane for use as fuel to generate electricity Leachate storage tank Compacted solid waste Groundwater monitoring well Leachate pipes Garbage Leachate pumped up to storage tank for safe disposal Sand Synthetic liner Leachate monitoring well Groundwater Sand Clay and plastic lining to prevent leaks; pipes collect leachate from bottom of landfill Clay Subsoil

40. Questions