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Halogens

Halogens. Salt-forming elements: Fluorine (latin: flux) Chlorine (greek: yellow-green) Bromine (greek: stink) Iodine (greek: violet) Astatine. Halogens. Electronegativity decreasing down the group Preparation of F 2 by chemical means?

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Halogens

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  1. Halogens Salt-forming elements: Fluorine (latin: flux) Chlorine (greek: yellow-green) Bromine (greek: stink) Iodine (greek: violet) Astatine IC 12 Halogens

  2. Halogens Electronegativity decreasing down the group Preparation of F2 by chemical means? (1986): KMnO4 + 2KF + 4HF + H2O2 K2MnF6 + O2 + 4H2O 2K2MnF6 + 4SbF5  4KSbF6 + 2MnF3 + F2

  3. Halogens IC 12 Halogens

  4. IC 12 Halogens

  5. Hydrogen halides IC 12 Halogens

  6. Azeotrope t oC HF – H2O HCl – H2O %HF %HCl Liquid IC 12 Halogens

  7. Halides IC 12 Halogens

  8. Identification IC 12 Halogens

  9. Quantification 1. Reduction of X to X- 2. Insoluble silver salts Cl-: Ag+ ; I: red Ag2CrO4 I-, Br-: xX Ag+ ; SCN- I: red Fe(SCN)3 X- even all 3 together I: potentiometry IC 12 Halogens

  10. Some fluorides of s and p elements IC 12 Halogens

  11. Chloro compounds of p elements (bp/oC)  reaction with H2O/HCl IC 12 Halogens

  12. Fluorides and fluoro complexes IC 12 Halogens

  13. Chlorides and chloro-complexes IC 12 Halogens

  14. Oxoacids • HOF + H2O → H2O2 + HF • HXOm + H2O  H3O+ + XOm- pK for HOXOn (m=n+1) pK H5IO6: 1.6 Names? IC 12 Halogens

  15. ClO2 - an example • Yellow gas (bp 11oC; mp -59) red as liquid • Formation: 3HClO3H2SO4 2ClO2 +HClO4+H2O 2ClO3- + C2O42- + 4H+ → 2ClO2 + 2CO2 + 2H2O • Radical: Cl 1.47 Å cf 1.44 Å in ClO4- O 117.6o O • Very reactive (may explode) IC 12 Halogens

  16. ClO2 ClO2 - an example 0.1M green solution hνClO+O steps HCl+HClO3 2ClO3(g)↔Cl2O6 H2O ClO3-+ ClO2-+H2O red liquid O3 OH- F2ClO2 F2 M M(ClO2)nMg,Zn,Ni,Cd,Al Na2O2+OH- NaClO2 + O2 IC 12 Halogens

  17. Phosphorpentafluoride in hydrogenfluoride Acid-base formulation? PF6 + HF ↔ PF6- + H+ IC 12 Halogens

  18. VSEPR BrF4+ 7+4-1= 10 ClF4- 7+4+1= 12 IC 12 Halogens

  19. End of chapter problem 17.25 IC 12 Halogens

  20. End of chapter problem 17.25 IC 12 Halogens

  21. End of chapter problem 17.25 IC 12 Halogens

  22. End of chapter problem 17.25 IC 12 Halogens

  23. End of chapter problem 17.25 IC 12 Halogens

  24. End of chapter problem 17.25 IC 12 Halogens

  25. End of chapter problem 17.25 IC 12 Halogens

  26. End of chapter problem 17.25 IC 12 Halogens

  27. End of chapter problem 17.25 IC 12 Halogens

  28. End of chapter problem 17.25 IC 12 Halogens

  29. IF6- : 7+6+1 in (Me4N)[IF6] IC 12 Halogens

  30. End of chapter problem 17.25 IC 12 Halogens

  31. I2Cl6 ICl4-(12) + ICl2+(8 + 2*2 from bridging Cl’2) IC 12 Halogens

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