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B.Congressional Leadership 1. House leaders a. Speak of House: Mentioned in Const. to lead HR 1.Selected by maj. Party at start of each HR session. 2.Roles include: a. Represent own district (vote to break a tie)
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B.Congressional Leadership • 1. House leaders • a. Speak of House: Mentioned in Const. to lead HR • 1.Selected by maj. Party at start of each HR session. • 2.Roles include: • a. Represent own district (vote to break a tie) • b.Ldr of Maj Party: Appts members to committees and schedules all House Floor legislation
c.Presiding Officer and Chief Parliamentarian: Recognition and assigns bills • d.Chief Admin Officer: oversees HR buildings • e.Chief Protocol Officer: Meets foreign dignitaries • f.3rd in line to Presidency • b. House Maj. Leader: Floor leader, prioritizes legislations, sets agenda, develops strategy • c. House Min. Leader: Organizes opposition to majority.
d.Whips:assistant floor leaders, find opinions, get members for important votes, keep party united. • e.Other House Officials: not elected. • 1.Clerk of the House • 2.Parliamentarian • 3.Chaplain • 4.Sergeant-At-Arms • 5.Postmaster
2. Senate Leaders • a.President of the Senate: VP, only votes in a tie. • b.President Pro Tempore: Presides over Senate if VP is absent, Senior member of majority Party. • c.Sen Maj Ldr: See House • d.Sen Min Ldr: See House • e. Senate Whips: Same as HR
f.Other Senate Officials • 1.Secretary of Senate • 2.Chaplain • 3.Sergeant-At-Arms • 4.Parliamentarian • 5.Official Reporters
Sec.3 Congressional Committees • A.Where 90% of work is done…purpose: • 1.Screen Bills • 2.Members become experts • 3.Convenient for compromise • 4.Hold hearings - fully informed. • 5.Get more done.
B. Kinds of Committees • 1.Standing Committees: Permanent, deal w/ bills about a particular subject. • a. Vary in size (6 to 50) • b. Divided into subcommittees for specialization • c.Sen:17, 70sub • HR:20, 104sub • d.Most influential • 1.Sen:Foreign Relations, Finance, Commerce, Judiciary, Appropriations, Armed Services • 2.HR:Rules, Ways/Means, Appropriations.
2.Select Committees: Specific purpose, limited time, investigate problems. • 3.Joint Committees:Both houses, act as study groups. • 4.Conference Committees:Both houses, compromise on Bills. • 5.Committee on Committees: Assigns members to Committees.
C. Choosing Committee Members • 1.Majority Party sets ratio on each committee. • 2.Factors • a.Knowledge/expertise • b.Constituency • c.Seniority/loyalty.
3.The Right Assignment • a. reelection • b. influence national policy-making • c. members able to exert influence • 4. Selecting Committee Chairpersons • a. Delegate work, assign subcomm, lead debate, decide bills to work on. • b. Comes from Maj. Party. • c. Selected by Secret Ballot