Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

1. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Server 2008 networking Models and Protocols

2. Objectives • Plan a Server 2008 networking model • Understand and implement networking protocols used by Server 2008 Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

3. Planning a Server 2008 Networking Model • Network • A communications system enabling computer users to share computer equipment, application software, and data, voice, and video transmissions • Contains computers joined by communications cabling or sometimes by wireless devices • Local area network (LAN) • A network of computers in relatively close proximity Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

4. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

5. Planning a Server 2008 Networking Model (continued) • Network Operating System (OS) • Coordinates the ways computers access resources available to them on the network • Workstation or Client network operating system • Enable individual computers to access a network, and share resources on a controlled basis Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

6. Planning a Server 2008 Networking Model (continued) • Peer-to-peer networking • Focuses on spreading network resource administration among server and non-server members of a network • Server-based networking • Centralizes the network administration on one or more servers Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

7. Peer-to-Peer Networking • Uses workstations to share resources such as files and printers and to connect to resources on other computers • No special computer is needed to enable workstations to communicate and share resources • Can be effective for very small networks, less than 20 nodes on the network • Disadvantages: • Management of network resources is decentralized • As the network increases in size, administration becomes more difficult Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

8. Peer-to-Peer Networking (continued) Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

9. Peer-to-Peer Networking (continued) • Each user is responsible for security of their own resources • Generally designed for about 15 workstations or less • Can often experience slow response times • This model is not optimized for many users accessing one computer • Workgroup • A number of users who share drive and printer resources Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

10. Server-Based Networking • Server • A single computer that provides extensive multiuser access to network resources • Can support hundreds of users at once • Fast response times when delivering shared resources • Less network congestion when multiple workstations access resources • Advantages • Users only need to log on once to gain access to authorized network resources • Security is more prevalent Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

11. Server-Based Networking (continued) • Advantages (continued) • All members can share computer files • Printers and other resources can be shared • All members can exchange e-mail through an e-mail server • Software applications can be stored in a centrally shared resource • Important databases can be managed and secured from one computer and shared by many Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

12. Server-Based Networking (continued) • Advantages (continued) • All computers can be backed up more easily over the network • Computer resource sharing can be arranged to reflect the work patterns of groups within an organization • The server administrator can save time when installing software upgrades Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

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14. Protocols for the Server 2008 Networking Model • A protocol consists of guidelines for the following: • How data is formatted into discrete units called packets and frames • How packets and frames are transmitted across networks • How packets and frames are interpreted at the destination • Packets and frames • Units of electronic data transmitted from a sending computer to a receiving computer Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

15. Protocols for Server 2008 Networking Model (continued) • Server 2008 and its clients primarily use the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) • A suite of protocols and utilities that support communication across LANs and the Internet Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

16. Transmission Control Protocol • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) • Provides for reliable end-to-end delivery of data by controlling data flow • TCP is also considered a connection-oriented communication • Ensures that packets are delivered, that they are delivered in the right sequence, and that their contents are accurate Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

17. Internet Protocol • Internet Protocol (IP) • Provides network addressing to ensure data packets quickly reach the correct destination • Two versions: IPv4 and IPv6 • IPv4 is used by default on most networks • IP also provides for routing data over different networks • Routing is accomplished through a device called a router • IP also handles fragmenting packets Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

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19. 32 Bit IP Address • IP Address - 32 bits long and contains four fields of decimal values representing eight-bit binary octets, allowing numbers between 0 and 255. Each address is unique worldwide • IPv4 has an addressing capability of 232 or approx. 4.3 billion addresses • IPv4 addresses are displayed as four numbers, each in the range 0 to 255, or 8 bits per number, for a total of 32 bits • eg: 192.168.1.15 Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

20. Subnet Mask • Subnet Mask - Used for network and host identification • Shows the class of addressing used • Divides a network into subnetworks or subnets to control network traffic Eg. • Network identifier Host identifier • Example: IP Address 142.204.34.136 • Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0 Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

21. Local Host IP Address • IP address considerations • The network number 127.0.0.0 is only assigned to the local computer • The address 127.0.0.1 or localhost is known as the loopback address or Local Computer IP Address • Private IP addresses cannot be used over the Internet • Designed for use on a private network behind a Network Address Translation (NAT) device • See Table 1-2 Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

22. Ping command Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

23. 64 Bit IP Addressing • IPv6 uses a 128-bit address, allowing for 2128, or approximately 3.4×1038 addresses • IPv6 addresses have eight groups of four hexadecimal digits. • eg. 2001:0db8:85a3:0042:1000:8a2e:0370:7334. • New features include: • A single address associated with multiple network interfaces • New headers that can be implemented for special needs, including more routing and security options • Can better handle multimedia traffic Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

24. Multicast vs. Broadcast Network Data • Multicast • Sending the same data to many network interfaces, but NOT at the same time • Broadcasting – NIC IP set to 255.255.255.255 • Sending the same data to ALL network interfaces, at the same time Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

25. Static and dynamic addressing • Static addressing • Involves assigning a dotted decimal address that becomes each workstation’s permanent, unique IP address • Dynamic addressing • Automatically assigns an IP address to a computer each time it is turned on • Uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to detect the presence of a new workstation and assign an IP address to that workstation Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

26. Automated IP Address Configuration • Dynamic Addressing through a DHCP Server • Common for medium to large networks • You must first install and configure a DHCP server on the network • Assign an IP address, the DHCP server can also assign the subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server, and other IP settings • Using a DHCP server can save you a great deal of administrative effort Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

27. Default Gateway and DNS • Default gateway • The IP address of the router that has a connection to other networks • Used when the host computer you are trying to contact exists on another network • Name resolution • Domain Name System (DNS) • A TCP/IP application protocol that enables a DNS server to resolve (translate) domain and computer names to IP addresses, or IP addresses to domain and computer names Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

28. Implementing TCP/IP in Server 2008 • Implementing TCP/IP involves two tasks: • Verifying it is enabled • Configuring it Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

29. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

30. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

31. Summary (continued) • Two types of networking models in Server 2008 are peer-to-peer networks and server-based networks • TCP/IP is the default protocol installed with Windows Server 2008 • Two versions of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6 • Every network device, must have a unique IP address for network connectivity • IP addresses can be manually or automatically configured with a DHCP server Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008