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Unit 2

Unit 2. World Climate Patterns … An Introduction . Distinguish between the terms weather & climate . P. 54. Weather = the state of the atmosphere at any one place or time. (short term) Climate = the average weather conditions of a region over the LONG term. (Season, Month Annually)

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Unit 2

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  1. Unit 2 World Climate Patterns… An Introduction

  2. Distinguish between the terms weather & climate. P. 54 • Weather = the state of the atmosphere at any one place or time. (short term) • Climate = the average weather conditions of a region over the LONG term. (Season, Month Annually) • Both refer to temperature, rain fall, humidity etc.

  3. Practice:Do the following phrases refer to weather or climate? Climate Weather Climate Weather Climate Climate Climate Weather • Annual precipitation of 200 mm. • Rain forecasted for tomorrow. • Normal July temperature averages 22 oC. • Temperatures this week will range between 20 & 30 oC. • It was unusually hot this summer. • Vancouver has an annual frost free period of 233 days. • The greatest annual precipitation 11, 680 mm falls on Mt. Waialeaie in Hawaii. • Residents in Florida are preparing to take shelter from a hurricane.

  4. In describing today’s weather: 9 features are often used!! • Temperature • Amount of precipitation • Type of precipitation • Atmospheric pressure • Wind direction • Wind speed • Cloud cover • Hours of sunshine • Humidity

  5. Explain why only about ½ of the sunlight directed at earth actually reaches the earth.

  6. 49% of sun’s radiation actually reaches the earth’s surface • 6% is scatteredin the atmosphere • 24 % is reflected by clouds • 4 % is reflected by the earth’s surface. • 17 % is absorbed by Green House gases & dust

  7. While the 4 % that reflects from the earth’s surface is small it does vary with location & with time. How/Why do you think it varies? • Winter vs. Summer? • Poles Vs. equator? • Land vs. ocean? • HINT: Precipitation (Snow & water), reflection vs absorption, dust, cloud cover, angle of sun,

  8. Lack of cloud cover Day AND Night… the effect… • DAY : No clouds = higher day temperatures • NO clouds to deflect / block heat from reaching the surface. • NIGHT:NO cloud cover = cold nightlytemperatures.(heat escapes, nothing to TRAP it.) • Ex. Day 24o C, Night 15o C

  9. Clear Day AND clouds over BEFORE night…the effect… • DAY : No clouds = higher day temperatures • NO clouds to deflect / block heat from reaching the surface. • cloud cover PRIOR to night = = warmer and muggy nights. • heat being TRAPPED during the night…like a blanket AND precipitation in the clouds. • Ex. Day 24o C, Night 21o C

  10. Cloudy Day AND NO clouds at Night… the effect… • DAY : Cloud cover = lower daily temperatures • Clouds deflect/block out sun & heat. • NIGHT : NO cloud cover = even COLDERnightly temperatures. • Already cooler temperatures become even lower. • Ex. Day 15o C, Night 9o C

  11. Cloudy Day AND cloudy Night…the effect… • Day: Cloud cover = lower daily temperatures • Clouds deflects/blocks out heat • Night:Cloud cover = relatively constant temperatures inthenight. • Clouds traps current air temperatures and keeps them relatively constant. • Ex. Day 15o C, Night 12o C

  12. Explain how cloud cover influences the range of temperature from day to night. • Clear day / Clear Night = largest temp range (24–15=9) • Clear day, cloudy night = small/low temp range (24-21=3) • Cloudy day, clear night = moderate range (15-9=6) • Cloudy day / cloudy night = small temp range(15-12=3)

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