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THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

THE PROGRESSIVE ERA. The Spirit of Reform. Mr. Violanti Iroquois High School Spring 2013. Key Terms. Progressive Era : Call for Reform in US by 1900. Social Darwinism : “survival of the fittest” Adapt or become extinct.

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THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

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  1. THE PROGRESSIVE ERA The Spirit of Reform Mr. Violanti Iroquois High School Spring 2013

  2. Key Terms • Progressive Era: Call for Reform in US by 1900. • Social Darwinism: “survival of the fittest” Adapt or become extinct. • Muckrakers: brought issues of reform to attention of public through books, photos, news. • Pure Food & Drug Act: 1906, called for inspection of food plants due to unsanitary conditions. • The Jungle: book which detailed unsanitary conditions of the food industry. • Upton Sinclair: Author of The Jungle. • Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives author. Exposed conditions of tenement living. • Jane Addams: Founded Hull House in Chicago as a shelter for those without homes, and a way to provide skills. • Hull House: Chicago, provided help for poor immigrants.

  3. Key Terms • WCTU: 1874, advocate of prohibition & end of alcohol. • Lochner v. NY: forbid a NY Law limiting hours as violation of employer contract. • Suffrage: Right to vote • Carrie Chapman Catt: started effort to bring suffrage to Women through National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) • Booker T. Washington: urged vocational training for African Americans to increase respect from society. (accommodation) • W.E.B. DuBois: Blacks should protest treatment and receive liberal education. Founded NAACP. • Marcus Garvey: wanted to separate African culture from whites. Urged emigration to Africa. • Initiative: allows voters to suggest laws. • Referendum: voters decide if a law should be passed.

  4. Theodore Roosevelt: “Trustbuster”, Square Deal, National Parks. • Trust Busting: Breaking up the monopolies and trusts of the Big Business Era. • Northern Securities Co. v. United States: Dissolved Northern Securities using the Sherman Anti-Trust act. • US v. EC Knight: Sherman Act could not be used to break up EC Knight due to intrastate commerce and manufacturing. • Yosemite National Park: First national park. • William Howard Taft: followed Roosevelt. Continues reform of big business. • Standard Oil v. US: dissolves Oil Monopoly. “reasonable vs. unreasonable” • 16th Amendment: Income Tax • Hammer v. Dagenhart: child labor laws. • 19th amendment: Women gain right to vote.

  5. By 1880, people believed Industrial development of the US was having bad effects upon society. • Leads to PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

  6. The Beliefs of Progressives • Free Enterprise / capitalism is unfair, unequal • Against violent revolution • Government must regulate business (socialism) • Government must develop social welfare programs to care for “have nots” • Vote for Women • Eliminate Alcohol • Eliminate Child Labor • Improve Working Conditions

  7. Muckrakers • Helped bring about reform by bringing attention to the public through journalism. • Photos, Political Cartoons, Books. • Upton Sinclair:The Jungle leads to 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act • Jacob Riis:How the Other Half Lives • Thomas Nast: Political Cartoons attack Boss Tweed and Monopolies.

  8. Upton Sinclair—The Jungle

  9. Thomas Nast

  10. Tenement Housing: Photos By Jacob Riis, author of “How the other Half Lives” DUMBELL APARTMENT

  11. Jane Addams • Focus on Women’s Rights • Also on improving slums. • Settlement Houses: “HULL HOUSE” in Chicago.

  12. Temperance • Women’s Christian Temperance Union, Anti-Saloon League. • Carrie A. Nation, Frances Willard • Moral reform through banning alcohol. • 1920: 18th amendment bans alcohol.

  13. Women’s Rights • Women’s Suffrage movement • Seneca Falls 1848 • Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, NAWSA • 1920—19th amendment gives right to vote • Education for Women • Women’s Colleges: Vassar, Wellesley, Smith • The Fight for Birth Control

  14. Women’s Rights Pioneers

  15. Derby Day, May 31, 1913: Emily Davison

  16. Government/Political Reform • To fight “Bosses” and machines • Secret Ballot • Initiative • Recall • Direct Primary • Direct Election of Senators (17th amendment) • WISCONSIN: Robert LaFollette** • Federal Income Tax (16th amendment)

  17. Teddy Roosevelt and the National Park System • National Parks

  18. Federal Progressive Era Legislation: 1890-1920

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