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Baltic Sea PSSA

Baltic Sea PSSA. Olof Linden University of Kalmar & World Maritime University. Protection of Baltic environment . HELCOM network of ”Baltic Sea Protected Areas” European Union Natura 2000 network of biogeographic sites WWF Baltic Ecoregion

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Baltic Sea PSSA

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  1. Baltic Sea PSSA Olof Linden University of Kalmar & World Maritime University

  2. Protection of Baltic environment • HELCOM network of ”Baltic Sea Protected Areas” • European Union Natura 2000 network of biogeographic sites • WWF Baltic Ecoregion • Birdlife International network of ”Important Bird Areas” • IMO 10th PSSA

  3. PSSA Concept and History (IMO) • Discussions started late 1970’s • ”Guidelines for the Designation of Special Areas and the Identifation of Particularly Sensitive Areas” adopted in 1991 • Associated Protective Measures • Legal framework is UNCLOS • Key IMO Instruments (MARPOL 73/78, SOLAS 74) • Several other international legal instruments

  4. Baltic a ”Special Area” under MARPOL 73/78 • Limited or prohibited discharge of specific pollutants under Annex I, II, V, and VI • PSSA and Special Areas are not mutually exclusive • PSSA may be within a Special Area and vice versa

  5. Recommended and compulsory pilotage Mandatory Reporting Mnadatory Traffic Surveillance Deep Water Route Areas to be Avoided ATBA-vessels carrying oil &/or hazardous liquids in bulk Discharge prohibitions Reporting obligation for single hull tankers carrying heavy grade fuel oils Mandatory Ship Reporting MARPOL Special Area MARPOL SOx Emission Control Area Examples of APM currently in Force

  6. Uniqueness or rarity Critical habitat Dependecy Representativeness Diversity Productivity Spawning and Breeding grounds Naturalness Integrity Fragility Bio-geographic importance Ecological Criteria for Designating PSSA

  7. Social, Cultural and Economic Criteria Social or Economic Dependency Human Dependency Cultural Heritage Scientific and Educational Criteria Research Baseline for monitoring studies Education Criteria for Designating PSSA

  8. MEPC Evaluation of PSSA Proposals • Step 1. Conditions • Step 2. Vulnerability • Step 3. Measures

  9. Continuing Concerns about PSSAs • PSSA Size • Designation-in-principle • Interest of Objecting Regional States • Controversial APMs

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