Explain

2. Explain • The difference between fermentation and cellularrespiration • The role of glycolysis in oxidizingglucose to two molecules of pyruvate. • The process that brings pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria and introduces it into the citric acid cycle. • How the process of cheiosmosis utilizes the electrons from NADH and FADH2to produce ATP.

3. 1. Organisms that can manufacture their own chemical energy sources are called _____________. • 2. ________ depend on energy stored in chemical bonds by autotrophs for their food energy. • 3. Simple molecules are further broken down in cells in a process called _________, during which energy stored in their chemical bonds is used to power the production of ATP. • 4. Glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water in organisms which breathe air in a process called as ___________ respiration. autotrophs heterotrophs catabolism oxidative

4. 5. In glycolysis, a major portion of the energy remains in the final product, which is called ___________. • 6. For further derivation of energy, aerobic cells must convert pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A by stripping off a ______ molecule. This process is known as decarboxylation • 7. All of the reactions of glucose oxidation that follow glycolysis involving the transfer of electrons to their final acceptor, oxygen, take place in eukaryotic cells in the ___________. pyruvate CO2 mitochondria

5. 8. Because the chemical formation of ATP is driven by a diffusion force similar to osmosis, this process is referred to as ___________. 9. The first stage of cellular respiration,______________, occurs with or without oxygen present. 10. When oxygen is limiting, during heavy exercise, muscle cells revert to ________________ fermentation for energy production. chemiosmosis glycolosis aerobic

6. Match each of the following.

7. Overall equation for cellular respiration

8. Location of the Calvin Cycle

9. Location of photosynthesis

10. Light collecting pigments and their associated proteins.

11. Where the light dependent reaction occurs

12. Overall eqn for Photosynthesis

13. 3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration

14. Anaerobic respiration includes what two processes (not products).

15. Products of fermentation could be ___ or ___.

16. Where the Citric Acid Cycle occurs

17. Final products (all) of glycolysis

18. The third C of pyruvic acid is lost as _____ as it prepares for the Citric Acid cycle.

19. Name of the coenzyme that unites our 2-C remains of pyruvic acid with oxaloacetate to being the Krebs cycle.

20. Net products of the citric acid cycle

21. Used to help catalyze reactions

22. Makes their own food

23. Must obtain food from other sorces

24. The coupling of movement of electrons down the ETC with the formation of ATP using the driving force provided by a proton (H+ ion) gradient.

25. Enzyme that uses H+ to drive phosphorylation.

26. What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

27. Light collecting unit containing P680

28. Oxygen from photosynthesis is a byproduct of the breakdown of ____.

29. The carbon source for photosynthesis to create sugar is ______

30. The three products of the light dependent reaction.

31. Main light collecting pigment of the chloroplast.

32. The breakdown of water is known as ____

33. The breakdown of water is done in order to replace ______ of the reaction center

34. Where the light-independent (calvincycle) reaction occurs.

35. Enzyme needed for carbon fixation.

36. Carbon fixation is the process by which the enzyme rubisco binds the carbon of CO2 to a 5-carbon sugar called ____.

37. An enzyme speeds up reactions by lowering the ______.

38. Delta G stands for