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Key Individual Differences and the Road to Success

Key Individual Differences and the Road to Success. Chapter Five. Learning Objectives. LO.1 Define self-esteem, and explain how it can be improved with Branden’s six pillars of self-esteem. LO.2 Define self-efficacy, and explain its sources.

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Key Individual Differences and the Road to Success

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  1. Key Individual Differences and the Road to Success Chapter Five

  2. Learning Objectives LO.1 Define self-esteem, and explain how it can be improved with Branden’s six pillars of self-esteem. LO.2 Define self-efficacy, and explain its sources. LO.3 Contrast high and low self-monitoring individuals, and discuss the ethical implications of organizational identification. LO.4 Identify and describe the Big Five personality dimensions, and specify which one is correlated most strongly with job performance. LO.5 Describe the proactive personality and an internal locus of control.

  3. Learning Objectives (cont.) LO.6 Identify at least five of Gardner’s eight multiple intelligences. LO.7 Distinguish between positive and negative emotions, and explain how they can be judged. LO.8 Identify the four key components of emotional intelligence, and discuss the practical significance of emotional contagion and emotional labor. LO.9 Explain how psychological capital, deliberate practice, luck, and humility can pave your road to success.

  4. An Instructional Road Map for the Study of Individual Differences in Chapters 5 and 6

  5. Self-Esteem Self-esteem Belief about one’s own self worth based on an overall self-evaluation.

  6. Branden’s Six Pillars of Self-Esteem

  7. Can General Self-Esteem Be Improved? Low self-esteem can be raised more by having a person think of desirable characteristics possessed rather than of undesirable characteristics from which he is free

  8. Self-Efficacy Self-efficacy a person’s belief about his chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task

  9. Self-Efficacy Beliefs Pave the Way for Success or Failure

  10. Managerial Implications On-the-job research evidence encourages managers to nurture self-efficacy, both in themselves and in others Significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and job performance

  11. Self-Monitoring Self-monitoring the extent to which a person observes his or her own self-expressive behavior and adapts it to the demands of the situation. chameleons

  12. Practical Recommendations For high, moderate, and low self-monitors: Become more consciously aware of your self-image and how it affects others. For high self-monitors: Don’t overdo it by evolving from a successful chameleon into someone who is widely perceived as insincere, dishonest, phony, and untrustworthy.

  13. Practical Recommendations For low self-monitors: You can bend without breaking, so try to be a bit more accommodating while being true to your basic beliefs. Don’t wear out your welcome when communicating.

  14. Organizational Identification Organizational identification occurs when one comes to integrate beliefs about one’s organization into one’s identity

  15. Personality: Concepts and Controversy Personality the combination of stable physical and mental characteristics that give the individual his or her identity

  16. The Big Five Personality Dimensions

  17. Question? If Clint is dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, and persistent, he is demonstrating which of these Big Five personality dimensions? Extraversion Emotional stability Locus of control Conscientiousness

  18. Personality and Job Performance Conscientiousness has the strongest positive correlation with job and training performance Extraversion is associated with success for managers and salespeople

  19. Proactive Personality Proactive Personality- someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change

  20. Locus of Control Internal locus of control People who believe they control the events and consequences that affect their lives External locus of control People who tend to attribute key outcomes in their lives to environmental causes, such as luck or fate

  21. Advice and Words of Caution aboutPersonality Testing in the Workplace

  22. Question? Joe believes his past performance in college is due to the difficulty of courses he has taken and his bad luck in getting tough instructors. Based on this, Joe: has an external locus of control. is a proactive personality. is an extravert. has a low degree of conscientiousness.

  23. Abilities (Intelligence) and Performance Ability Stable characteristic responsible for a person’s maximum physical or mental performance Skill Specific capacity to manipulate objects.

  24. Performance Depends on the Right Combination of Effort, Ability, and Skill

  25. Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities Intelligence capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving

  26. Two Types of Abilities General mental ability needed for all cognitive tasks Unique to the task at hand

  27. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

  28. Mental Abilities Underlying Performance

  29. Question? Jimmy can remember the order preferences of each of his clients. This is the mental ability of ________. Word fluency Numerical Spatial Memory

  30. Positive and Negative Emotions Emotions complex, patterned, organismic reactions to how we think we are doing in our lifelong efforts to survive and flourish and to achieve what we wish for ourselves

  31. Positive and Negative Emotions

  32. Emotional Intelligence Emotional Intelligence ability to manage oneself and one’s relationships in mature and constructive ways

  33. Question? Dave is not very patient with restaurant service and will often complain loudly if things don’t go as expected. He is not very high in __________. Aggressiveness Positive affectivity Emotional intelligence Behavioral attitude

  34. Developing Personal and Social Competence through Emotional Intelligence

  35. Emotional Contagion and Emotional Labor Emotional contagion Someone’s bad mood sours your mood Can literally catch another person’s mood or displayed emotions Emotional labor Masking true feelings and emotions

  36. Psychological Capital Psychological capital Strivingfor success by developing one’s self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resiliency.

  37. Psychological Capital Resiliency The ability to handle pressure and quickly bounce back from personal and career setbacks

  38. Improving Your Luck Be active and involved Listen to your hunches about luck Expect to be lucky no matter how bad the situation Turn your bad luck into good fortune

  39. Video Case: Keeping Your Emotions in Check Why do managers need to be concerned with their emotions and the emotions of their subordinates? What are some of the strategies a person can use to keep emotions in check?

  40. Video: Toying with Success: The McFarlane Companies What personality traits do entrepreneurs like Todd McFarlane possess that distinguish them from other individuals? Do you think McFarlane has an internal or external locus of control? What cognitive abilities do you think contributed most to McFarlane’s success? Why is the development of new products such as sports figures critical to the McFarlane Companies? How important are self-efficacy beliefs and intelligence in the creative process that leads to new product concepts?

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