Time For A Bunch Of Notes On China!

1. Time For A Bunch Of Notes On China!

2. Zoinks! Jinkies…maybe if Mr. Batchelor gave us the answers it wouldn’t seem nearly as scary… Jeepers Freddy, I’m scared…can I have a hug? Roh ro…I’m scared roo rhaggy! Rhold me! Hey gang…its a bunch of notes!

3. The Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule China

4. I can’t seem to recall what we already know about China…

5. Chinese Religion

7. Qin Dynasty Yay for unification and the Mandate of Heaven!

8. Han Dynasty • The Great Wall • - Highly developed trade/economics

9. Sui Dynasty • The promotion of the three major philosophies

10. Tang and Song Dynasties • High cultural period (“Golden Age”)

11. Yuan Dynasty • Khhhaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnn!

12. Ming Dynasty • Isolationism and porcelain work

13. Qing Dynasty • The final dynasty; collapsed because of major internal and external pressures

14. Specifically… In the early 1800s the British were trading a lot with China…but unfortunately for the British, they were importing more than they were exporting… this trade imbalance led the British to turn to a new product to import…

15. Opium! So…the British basically created a nation of addicts to make money…

16. Opium Wars (1839-1842) When the British refused to stop the importation of opium, the Chinese blockade the port at Guangzhou (GWONG-JO)…so the British attacked!

17. Treaty of Nanjing (1842) The peace treaty forced the Chinese to open five ports to British trade, limit taxes on the British imports, and pay reparations for the cost of the war… China also had to give the island of Hong Kong to Britain. Within the port cities, foreigners lived under their own laws, not Chinese law, a practice known as extraterritoriality.

18. The Tai Ping Rebellion (1850-1864) Over time, a number of peasants became frustrated with their situation, and began a revolt known as the Tai Ping Rebellion. Hong Xiuquan, a Christian convert, began to view himself as the younger brother of Jesus and became convinced that God had given him the mission of destroying the Qing Dynasty. The social reforms called for in the rebellion (mainly rights for women, a reduction of private property holdings, common sharing of food, money, etc., and increased land for peasants) were very appealing and the movement grew. In 1853, the rebels took over Nanjing and killed around 25,000 people. Following that, the movement slowed for about 10 years and the Qing Dynasty finally began to intercede with European support. Ultimately, the rebellion was crushed, though an estimated 20 million people died in those 14 years.

19. Efforts at Reform (1870s-1890s) Following the Tai Ping Rebellion the Qing Dynasty began to crumble…one might argue that they had lost the: Mandate of Heaven!

20. Efforts at Reform (1870s-1890s) In an attempt to maintain control, the leaders began a process of “self strengthening” by adopting Western technology but maintaining Confucian values…some reformers began to push for more democracy, but resistance to that was strong…

21. Efforts at Reform (1870s-1890s) In the midst of this crisis, the young emperor Guang Xu (GWANG-SHYOO) began a massive reform program called the “One Hundred Days” in which he copied traditional enemies: the West and Japan! Many conservatives in court were very resistant, most notably the emperor’s aunt, Empress Dowager Ci Xi (TSUH-SEE). She eventually imprisoned Guang Xu and took over…

22. The Open Door (1899) Amid all of this, every major economy in the world wanted access to China. In an attempt to stabilize the country, end competition for spheres of influence, and ensure economic access, U.S. Secretary of State John Hay proposed the “Open Door Policy”…

23. The Boxer Rebellion (1900) But, the Open Door Policy was a bit too little and came a bit too late. The Boxers (or “Society of Harmonious Fists”) began to rebel against all examples of outside influence…missionaries, merchants, and other foreigners were being killed across China and the nations of Europe, the U.S., and Japan all intervened to end the violence. The imperial government was now weaker than ever before…

24. China is in a big mess. Europeans are pretty much taking over. Empress Dowager Ci Xi has been resisting reform, to the point of imprisoning her own nephew Guang Xu. But then he dies… and the next day, she dies as well. The throne is left to China’s “last emperor,” the infant Henry Pu Yi.

25. Well gang, Let’s head out to China and see what happens next!

26. I’m doctor Sun Yat-sen. You’re just in time to see me launch my revolution to modernize China. Hello there. Who might you be?

27. Fall of Dynastic China • Kuomintang Nationalist Party pushed for modernization • Dr. Sun Yat-sen led the 1911 Revolution • Fought for the “Three Principles of the People” -Nationalism: eliminate foreign influence -Democracy: have a representative government -Livelihood: economic security for all • Sun became the first president of China in 1912

28. Honestly, Fred, I’m having a hard time unifying China. Maybe I should give the job over to someone more qualified. Good for you!

29. Like my good friend, General Yuan Shigai

30. Time of the Warlords • Power transferred to General Yuan Shigai, who tried to create a military dictatorship • The people revolted and divided under his rule • He died in 1916, leaving the country in chaos for many years to come • Warlords (landowners with private armies) terrorized the countryside • Citizens suffered drought, floods, famine, oppression, child labor, low wages, etc.

31. And, another large world event is happening at this time

32. This sure is a troubled time for China. And now that whole World War thingy is breaking out in Europe. Well, maybe if the Chinese join the allied side and help fight, the grateful allies will return control of China to the Chinese.

33. How much do you remember about the Treaty of Versailles? Ruh Roh!

34. May 4th, 1919 Down with European Imperialists Boycott Japan

35. The people want the same goals that I have wanted this whole time… but they have no faith in me. Now they look to this new guy who keeps rallying up these protests. His name is Mao Zedong.

36. This Mao sounds a little fishy. Maybe we should look for some clues about him.

37. It turns out that Mao is actually a young school teacher from Beijing University.

38. I hear that the people are calling him “The Great Helmsman”

39. He has the support of most peasants.

40. Well, if he’s that popular, perhaps I will have to side with his cause.

41. Like, but first! Let’s unmask this Mao and see who he really is.

42. A Communist!

43. The May Fourth Movement • University students gathered in Tiananmen Square to rally against the Treaty of Versailles • The protest was supported by an inspirational schoolteacher named Mao Zedong • Young Chinese intellectuals began to turn against Sun Yat-sen’s western democracy in favor of Lenin’s communism

44. The western powers still won’t recognize my government… So screw ‘em!

45. Did someone just say, “screw democracy?” Lenin!

46. Mao: Leader of the Communist party + Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated with democracy + Lenin: the original communist

47. = Crazy Communist China

48. Looks like things are finally going right for China. With the nationalists and the communists working together, all of the remaining warlords will finally be defeated and China will have peace. They deserve it.

49. Jiang Jieshi Not so fast! Chiang Kai-shek

50. The Communist Party in China • With the aid of Lenin, the communist party grew and fought off the warlords • Sun Yat-sen died in 1925 and was replaced by Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) • Chiang turned on the communists once China was settled, surrounding the city of Shanghai and murdering the majority of the communist party