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Water scarcity – global overview

Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination Massimo Moser DLR German Aerospace Center, Institute of Technical Thermodynamic CSP EXPO - 9 September 2010. Water scarcity – global overview. Source: IWMI 2006. AQUA-CSP scenario for Middle East and North Africa. Source: AQUA-CSP 2007.

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Water scarcity – global overview

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  1. Concentrating Solar Power and DesalinationMassimo MoserDLR German Aerospace Center, Institute of Technical ThermodynamicCSP EXPO - 9 September 2010

  2. Water scarcity – global overview Source: IWMI 2006 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO

  3. AQUA-CSP scenario for Middle East and North Africa Source: AQUA-CSP 2007 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO

  4. Matching between water scarcity and global potential for CSP Source: REACCESS 2009 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO

  5. Conventional Desalination Plant Fossil fuel Power Plant Screening Filtration Desalination Unit Open intake Direct discharge Anti-Scaling Anti-Foaming Anti-Corrosion Chlorine Source: Catalana de Perforacions Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO

  6. Sustainable Desalination Plant CSP collector and thermal storage Power Plant Nano- Filtration Desalination Unit Horizontal drain intake Multi-port diffuser Source: Catalana de Perforacions Source: CORMIX Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO

  7. Reverse Osmosis (RO) Selective membrane • Separation method which bases on selective membrane: water passage is pressure dependent, while salt passage is constant • Required pressure (55 – 70 bar) • Salinity of product water: < 300 ppm for 1-stage systems < 50 ppm for 2-stages plants • Relatively high electricity consumption: 3 - 6 kWh/m3 • Very specific pre-treatment of feed water required Feed water Permeate Concentrate Source: comptonengineering Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO

  8. Multiple effect distillation (MED) Heat source • Typical co-generation application • Bases on multiple evaporation and condensation processes in different stages, which allow for an optimal employment of the available heat for water production • High water quality (< 10 ppm) • Working temperature: 65 - 80 °C • Low internal electricity consumption (< 0.6 kWh/m3 distillate) Feed water Distillate Brine Source: ENTROPIE Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO

  9. CSP-RO configuration • Electrical interconnection only • CSP plant can be located away from the coast • Dry-cooling (lower efficiency vs. higher DNI) Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO

  10. CSP-MED configuration • Limited to coast • Interdependent operation • Hot water tank allows for compensation of variations in the turbine thermal output and thus for an almost constant water production Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO

  11. Conclusions • Increasing water shortages require a paradigm change in the water sector supply; countermeasures in order to improve efficiency in the water sector have to be taken as soon as possible (drip systems, water distribution and re-use, avoidance of water-intensive crops) • However these countermeasures will not be sufficient to cover the water deficit and new water sources have to be tapped • Sustainable desalination driven by CSP is a valid option: the energy source is large enough to cope with demand and CSP is a proven technology • CSP mitigates the risk if energy cost escalation, allows for a flexible plant operation. In the end CSP multi-purpose plants make possible to produce sustainable electricity and water Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO

  12. For more information: www.med-csd-ec.eu www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp Thank you! Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO

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