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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. The Human Body in Health and Disease. Anatomic Reference Systems. Describe the location and functions of body parts using: Body planes Body directions Body cavities Structural units. Standard Anatomical Position. ANTERIOR VS POSTERIOR.

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 The Human Body in Health and Disease

  2. Anatomic Reference Systems • Describe the location and functions of body parts using: • Body planes • Body directions • Body cavities • Structural units

  3. Standard Anatomical Position

  4. ANTERIOR VS POSTERIOR • Anterior refers to the front of the body • Posterior refers to the back of the body

  5. BODY PLANES • LINE THROUGH THE BODY AT VARIOUS PARTS TO SEPARATE THE BODY INTO SECTIONS

  6. TRANSVERSE PLANE • ONE OF THREE MAIN PLANES

  7. TRANSVERSE PLANE • DIVIDES BODY INTO TOP AND BOTTOM HALF

  8. CORONAL PLANE

  9. SUPERIOR • BODY PARTS ABOVE OTHER PARTS

  10. INFERIOR • BODY PARTS BELOW OTHER PARTS

  11. CAUDAL • BODY PARTS LOCATED NEAR THE SACRAL REGION OF THE SPINAL COLUMN OR TAIL

  12. CRANIAL • BODY PARTS LOCATED NEAR THE HEAD

  13. MIDSAGITTAL OR MEDIAN PLANE • SECOND OF THREE PLANES

  14. MIDSAGITTAL OR MEDIAN PLANE • DIVIDES THE BODY INTO RIGHT AND LEFT SIDES

  15. MEDIAL • BODY PARTS CLOSE TO MIDLINE OR PLANE

  16. LATERAL • BODY PARTS AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE OR PLANE

  17. VENTRAL OR ANTERIOR • BODY PARTS IN FRONT OF THE BODY • ANTERIOR IS THE TERM FOR DIRECTION • VENTRAL IS THE TERM FOR MOVEMENT

  18. DORSAL OR POSTERIOR • BODY PARTS IN BACK OF THE BODY • POSTERIOR IS THE TERM OF DIRECTION • DORSAL IS THE TERM OF MOVEMENT

  19. PROXIMAL • BODY PARTS CLOSE TO THE POINT O R REFERENCE • EXAMPLE MAIN TRUNK OF THE BODY IS A POINT OF REFERENCE TO THE ARMS AND LEGS • EXAMPLE : THE NOSE IS PROXIMAL TO THE SHOULDER

  20. DISTAL • BODY PARTS AWAY FROM THE POINT OF REFERENCE • EXAMPLE: TOES ARE DISTAL TO THE THIGH

  21. Major Body Cavities

  22. Quadrants of the Abdomen

  23. Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen

  24. Cytology • The study of the formation, structure, and function of cells, including: • Chromosomes • DNA • Genetics

  25. Histology • The study of tissues, which are composed of cells that join together to perform specific functions, including: • Nervous Tissue • Epithelial Tissues • Connective Tissues • Muscle Tissue

  26. Glands • Specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body, including: • Exocrine Glands • Endocrine Glands

  27. Organ and Body Systems • Body parts are organized into systems according to function. • Examples: • Skeletal System • Muscular System • Cardiovascular System

  28. Pathology • The study of structural and functional changes caused by disease.

  29. CHROMOSOMES • The nucleus of each cell contains 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs • Sex cells are known as gametes

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