Seminar Two Chemistry, Cells, & Tissues

1. Seminar TwoChemistry, Cells, & Tissues Based on Chapter 2 (pages 31-36) and 3 (pages 43-50, 54-69) Tracy Abram, MAIS

2. Chemistry of Life • Chemicals are responsible for directing virtually all of our bodily functions. Bodily functions are directed by chemicals. • Understanding the basic chemical reactions that occur in the body is essential. • Understanding the basic concepts of biochemistry is vital.

3. A question for you! • What is the primary difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

4. Compounds Organic Compounds Inorganic Compounds • Living • Contain C-C and C-H Bonds • Examples: Carbohydrates • Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids • Nonliving • Does not contain C-C and C-H bonds • Examples: water, temperature, soil, and wind

5. Answer ! • Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-hydrogen bonds. • [water and some acids, bases, and salts] • Organic compounds contain carbon and include carbon-carbon bonds and/or carbon-hydrogen bonds. • The human body has both types of compounds!

6. Inorganic compounds • Water • Water is a solvent (liquid into which solutes are dissolved), forming aqueous solutions in the body • Water is involved in chemical reactions • Dehydration synthesis (water removed) • Hydrolysis ( water added)

7. Water Qualities • Polar molecule • Composed of hydrogen and oxygen • High surface tension • High heat of vaporization • Expands when it freezes • Body composed of mainly water • Chemical reactions participation

8. Cell Parts • Table 3-1 Page 47- Structure and Function • Figure 3-2 page 46 –Animal cell diagram • Animal Cell Animation Below: • http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/plntcell.htm

9. Organic Chemistry • Major types found in body: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic acids • Note: Table 2-3 on page 32 gives examples, and functions of each.

10. Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids • Source of energy • 3 types: • Monosaccharide: one simple sugar (glucose, fructose, galactose) • Disaccharide: two simple sugars (sucrose) • Polysaccharide: many simple sugars (starch and glycogen) • Composed of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids • Fats and Oils • Example: Triglyceride and Phospholipid

11. Organic Compounds Cont. Protein Nucleic Acid • Amino Acids • Facilitate chemical reactions • Examples: enzymes and hormones • Basic Units: Nucleotides • DNA (contains deoxyribose) • ***genetic code • RNA (contains ribose) • *****serves as copy of genetic code

12. Seminar Topic: Tissue Types • Bill is a 17 year old high school student that plays soccer for his high school team. During yesterday’s game, he fell while scoring the game winning goal. He is not sure, but he thought he heard a snapping sound in his arm. Discuss the 4 tissue types and how they may be involved in his injury.

13. Question for You! • What are the four types of tissues?

14. 4 Tissue Types: • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

15. Epithelial Tissue • Table 3-6 pg. 60 • Continuous sheets with no blood vessels. • Classified according to shape • Categorized according to arrangement

16. http://i596.photobucket.com/albums/tt47/brett_t37/epithelialtissue.jpghttp://i596.photobucket.com/albums/tt47/brett_t37/epithelialtissue.jpg

17. Types of Epithelial Tissues http://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/cells_tissues_membranes/tissues/epithelial.html

18. Muscle and Nervous • Table 3-8 page 62 • Skeletal-Attach to bones • Cardiac-Heart Muscle • Smooth-viscera of digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts • Nervous: Nerve cells (Glia)

19. Connective Tissue • Most abundant tissue in the body • Table 3-7 page 61 • Types include: Areolar, Adipose, Dense fibrous, Bone, Cartilage, Blood, Hematopoietic • Web links: Bone Marrow • http://www.som.tulane.edu/classware/pathology/Krause/Blood/HP.html • http://instruction.cvhs.okstate.edu/histology/HistologyReference/hrhemac.htm

20. Quick Quiz Review for you!!!

21. Quick Quiz Answers!!!

22. Questions for me???