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Oceanography !!!. Oceanographers: Kim & Vanna !!!. Dolphins!!!.
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Oceanography !!! Oceanographers: Kim & Vanna !!!
Dolphins!!! • Most dolphin species are about 6 ft in length, the males averaging 4 to 8 in longer than females. The largest is the killer whale, which can be 19-22ft long and weigh between 8000-10000lbs. One of the largest dolphins is the bottle-nose dolphin which can reach over 9ft in length and weigh 440 lbs. The smallest species is the buffeo, found in the Amazon River. The buffeo rarely grows over 3.9 ft in length and 66 lbs in weight, really small compared to the bottlenose.
Manta Rays!!! • They can be up to 25 feet in length and weight as much as 5,000 pounds. • Some types of Manta Rays engage in the process of migrating. • They can lose their protective mucus membrane if they are touched by humans. • The Manta Ray has the largest brain to body ratio of all sharks and rays on Earth. • You will very rarely find any Manta Ray in captivity due to their size. They are currently only found in four aquariums in the world. • The average life span for a Manta Ray is 20 years.
Hammerhead Sharks!!! • Its curious head has lateral projections resembling the crossbar of a T, and its eyes and ears are located in the outer tips of the projections. It has been suggested that the extension of the head in the plane of the pectoral fins may give the fish increased lift, but there is no evidence that hammerheads are better swimmers than other sharks. Found in inshore, brackish water, hammerheads are both predators and scavengers. They feed on a variety of fishes including skates, rays, and other hammerheads, and large hammerheads have been known to attack and eat humans without provocation. The largest species is the widely distributed great hammerhead,
Sea Turtles!!! • Hawksbills may take decades to mature and it could be between 20 to 40 years before they are ready to breed (10). Upon reaching sexual maturity, a female will typically lay up to five clutches of around 100 to 140 eggs in one breeding season, and then wait a few years before nesting again (6). Nesting is much more dispersed than in other marine turtles, but individuals do tend to return to a particular beach season after season (10). Having survived the dash to the sea, hatchlings are believed to spend their first few years in the open ocean before returning to more sheltered coastal waters. Recent studies indicate that the oceanic phase may be shorter for hawksbills, or even omitted in certain regions, as hatchlings swim less vigorously than those of other species (7). Probably less than one out of 1000 eggs will survive and reach adulthood (10).
Manatees!!! • West Indian manatees are large, gray aquatic mammals with bodies that taper to a flat, paddle-shaped tail. They have two forelimbs, called flippers, with three to four nails on each flipper. Their head and face are wrinkled with whiskers on the snout. The manatee's closest relatives are the elephant and the hyrax (a small, gopher-sized mammal). Manatees are believed to have evolved from a wading, plant-eating animal. The West Indian manatee is related to the West African manatee, the Amazonian manatee, the dugong, and Steller's sea cow, which was hunted to extinction in 1768. The average adult manatee is about 10 feet long and weighs between 800 and 1,200 pounds.
Penguins!!! • Penguins (orderSphenisciformes, familySpheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightlessbirds living almost exclusively in the southern hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage, and their wings have become flippers. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sea life caught while swimming underwater. They spend about half of their life on land and half in the oceans.
Sea Horses!!! • The species of the genusHippocampus are the seahorses, a distinct group of fishes within the family Syngnathidae, which also includes the pipefish. There are over 50 species of seahorse, mainly found in shallow tropical and temperate waters throughout the world. They prefer to live in sheltered areas such as sea grass beds, coral reefs, or mangroves. Colonies have been found in European waters such as the Thames Estuary.[
Starfish!!! • Marine scientists have undertaken the difficult task of replacing the beloved starfish’s common name with sea star because, well, the starfish is not a fish. It’s an echinoderm, closely related to sea urchins and sand dollars.There are some 2,000 species of sea star living in all the world’s oceans, from tropical habitats to the cold seafloor. The five-arm varieties are the most common, hence their name, but species with 10, 20, and even 40 arms exist.
Seals!!! • The seals with ears are also referred to as ‘walking seals’ and include the fur seals and the gorgeous sea lions. The walking seals can move on all fours on land and are social animals that put their rear flippers to optimized use, while covering terrestrial habitats. The larger fore-flippers enable maneuverability expertise in water, but it is their dog-like snouts that make them distinctly different from their cousins the true seals. While sea lions are generally larger than fur seals, recent genetic evidence highlights the close relationship between the two.
Whales!!! • Whales are one of the most amazing creatures that live in the planet. They inhabit all oceans of the world. • Whales belong to the order cetacea, which means that they are mammals fully adapted to aquatic life, as all cetaceans including dolphins and porpoises, are descendants of land-living animals which returned to water after living in land millions of years. • Most whales can grow to be extremely large. In fact, the Blue Whale is considered to be the largest animal in the world.
Lionfish!!! • There are several types of lionfish as they belong to a number of poisonous marine fish of the genera Pterois, Dendrochirus, Ebosia, Brachypterois, or Parapterois, of the Scorpaenidae family. • Although the lionfish may be spectacular to look at, it is also lethal. Its fins have spines that are as sharp as needles, which they use to inject a potent venom into their predators. The lionfish is considered as one of the most poisonous fish in the world. • However, the lionfish uses its venom as a purely defensive mechanism, when it feels threatened. As far as catching its prey is concerned, it relies on lightning swift reflexes and camouflage. A lionfish’s sting is very painful to people and can result in breathing difficulties and nausea, although it generally does not cause death.
Jellyfish!!! • Jellyfish is present and found in every ocean in the world. The lifetime of a jellyfish is at the most three or six months.They have two body forms through their life cycle - the polyp stage and the medusa stage. In the polyp stage, they are in the form of a sessile stalk with their mouth and tentacle facing upwards. In this stage, they catch passing food. The second stage of the jellyfish' body structure is more popular. During this stage, they have an umbrella shaped body called the bell.
Electric Eels!!! • These famous freshwater predators get their name from the enormous electrical charge they can generate to stun prey and dissuade predators. Their bodies contain electric organs with about 6,000 specialized cells called electrocytes that store power like tiny batteries. When threatened or attacking prey, these cells will discharge simultaneously, emitting a burst of at least 600 volts, five times the power of a standard U.S. wall socket.
Sea Otters!!! • Sea otters are social animals who may float together in groups of less than 10 to more than 100, called rafts. Usually these groups are separated by sex, females and pups spend time in one group and males in another. Otters usually swim on their backs but have been known to swim on their stomachs while traveling. Sea otters will only eat while they are floating, but may also groom, rest, and nurse their young. It is also common for sea otters to wrap themselves in kelp beds when resting or sleeping.
Sea Lions!!! • The Steller sea lion is the largest member of the Otariidae (eared seal) family. Steller's sea lions inhabit the cooler waters of the North Pacific. They are divided into two stocks - the western population (Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, Russia and Japan), and the eastern population (California, British Columbia and south east Alaska). This species gets its name from a German naturalist named George Wilhelm Steller who was the first to study the animal in 1742. • Steller's sea lions are suffering massive, inexplicable population losses and are listed as endangered.
Swordfish!!! • Xiphias gladius, of the warmer Atlantic and Pacific waters, related to the sailfish. It is named for its sharp, broad, elongated upper jaw, which it uses to flail and pierce its prey of smaller fish, rising beneath a school to kill and then devour. Swordfish breed as far N as Nova Scotia; they are often seen basking on the water's surface, and their fins are sometimes mistaken for those of sharks. They may reach 15 ft (457 cm) and 1,000 lb (450 kg); however, specimens half this size are considered large. Swordfish were formerly harpooned commercially but now are taken using long lines with multiple baited hooks. Conservation efforts are underway to rebuild depleted stocks. Swordfish are classified in the phylum Chordata , subphylum Vertebrata, class Osteichthyes, order Perciformes, family Xiphiidae.
Angelfish!!! • Sea-water Angelfish are the most exotic and beautiful tropical fish, available almost in every ocean. The seven species of Angelfish are: Rock beauty, Queen Angelfish, Blue Angelfish, Gray Angelfish, French Angelfish, Cherub fish and Flame-back Angelfish. They usually eat both animals and plants. More than 95% of the Angelfish feed on sponges. The jaws of Angelfish are adapted to the sponges and have become protracted and have the ability to eat sponge pieces, by secreting a thick coating of mucous on them. The reproduction of sea-water Angelfish depends on the species and the region in which these species live.
Clownfish!!! • Clownfish or anemonefish are fishes from the subfamily Amphiprioninae in the family Pomacentridae. About twenty eight species are recognized, one in the genus Premnas, while the remaining are in the genus Amphiprion. In the wild they all form symbioticmutualisms with sea anemones. Depending on species, clownfish are overall yellow, orange, reddish, or blackish, and many show white bars or patches. The largest reach a length of 18 centimetres (7.1 in), while the smallest barely reach 10 centimetres (3.9 in).
Puffer Fish!!! • Tetraodontidae is a family of primarily marine and estuarine fish. The family includes many familiar species which are variously called puffers, balloonfish, blowfish, bubblefish, globefish, swellfish, toadfish, toadies, honey toads, and sea squab.[1] They are morphologically similar to the closely related porcupinefish, which have large conspicuous spines (unlike the small, almost sandpaper-like spines of Tetraodontidae). The scientific name, Tetraodontidae, refers to the four large teeth, fused into an upper and lower plate, which are used for crushing the shells of crustaceans and mollusks, and red worms, their natural prey.
Octopus !!! • The octopus is a mollusk. It belongs to the same group as chitons, abalone, snails, limpets, scallops, oysters, clams and mussels. The octopus also belongs to a sub-species of mollusks called the cephalopods. This means head to foot and is used as the name because an octopus’ "feet" are attached to its head. When it comes to octopus facts, it just gets more and more interesting.
Squid !!! • The squid has a large head and a relatively large brain. Its body, stiffened by an interior cartilaginous skeleton, is spherical or cigar-shaped, with two lateral fins. Around the mouth are eight sucker-bearing arms and two contractile tentacles with spatulate tips; on the latter are four rows of suction cups encircled by rings of chitinous (horny) hooks. The contractile tentacles, longer than the rest, are used to seize the prey and pass it to the shorter arms, which hold it to be torn by strong jaws shaped like a parrot's beak.
Walruses !!! • The walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) is a large flipperedmarine mammal with a discontinuous circumpolar distribution in the Arctic Ocean and sub-Arctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere. The walrus is the only living species in the Odobenidaefamily and Odobenusgenus. It is subdivided into three subspecies:[1] the Atlantic Walrus (O. rosmarus rosmarus) found in the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Walrus (O. rosmarus divergens) found in the Pacific Ocean, and O. rosmarus laptevi, found in the Laptev Sea.
Hogfish !!! • A hogfish is a large wrasse, Lachnolaimus maximus, of the western Atlantic Ocean. Hogfish are plentiful in the Florida Keys on many coral reefs and are considered to have high quality, soft and tasty flesh. The fish is a large wrasse of the western Atlantic. It has fourteen dorsal spines, eleven dorsal soft rays, eleven anal spines, and ten anal soft rays. The coloring varies but is usually brownish red with a black spot at the bottom of the dorsal fin.
Puffins !!! • Puffins are any of three auk species (or alcids) in the bird genus Fratercula with a brightly coloured beak in the breeding season. These are pelagicseabirds that feed primarily by diving in the water. They breed in large colonies on coastal cliffs or offshore islands, nesting in crevices among rocks or in burrows in the soil. The Tufted Puffin was formerly placed in the genus Lunda.
Polar Bears !!! • The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a bear native largely within the Arctic circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is the world's largest carnivore species found on land. It is also the largest bear, together with the omnivorousKodiak bear which is approximately the same size.[3] An adult male weighs around 350–680 kg (770–1,500 lb),[4] while an adult female is about half that size.
Credits!!! • Oceanographers : Kim & Vanna !!! • Art By : Kim & Vanna !!! • Words By : Kim & Vanna !!! • Pictures Found By : Kim & Vanna !!! • Information By : www.wikipedia.com !!!
