General Terminology Unit

1. General Terminology Unit Read Chapter 1: HW pg 20 M/C #1, 4, S.A. #8, 9 Clinic #4

2. Basic Vocabulary vmthpub.vetmed.wisc.edu ltc.smm.org Anatomy—Study of internal/external body parts and relationships • Microscopic anatomy— • cytology—analysis of internal structure of individual cells • histology—studying tissues Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

3. Basic Vocabulary anatomy.med.umich.edu www.ohsuhealth.com jeffline.jefferson.edu Macroscopic (Gross)—visible to naked eye, many subdivisions • Surface Anatomy • Regional Anatomy • Systemic Anatomy—our focus Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

4. Basic Vocabulary Physiology—Study of functions of human body • Cell physiology—functions of cells • Systemic physiology—our focus—looking at systems within body • Pathologic physiology—looking at diseases and effects Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

5. Systems of the Human Body www.drstandley.com www.allposters.com virtualastronaut.jsc.nasa.gov • Integumentary • Skeletal • Muscular Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

6. Systems of the Human Body www.howcomyoucom.com health.enotes.com www.infovisual.info Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

7. Systems of the Human Body home.comcast.net www.emc.maricopa.edu www.health.uab.edu • Lymphatic • Respiratory • Urinary Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

8. Systems of the Human Body www.enchantedlearning.com www.ohiocitizen.org • Digestive • Reproductive Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

9. Functions necessary for life www.cs.utexas.edu www.virtuallaboratory.net Maintaining boundaries—being able to keep inside separate from outside Movement—internal (transport of food, blood, etc.) or external Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

10. Functions necessary for life Responsiveness—organisms change in relationship to environment, such as blinking when something is thrown at you, migrating with cold weather, etc. Digestion Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

11. Functions necessary for life en.wikipedia.org Metabolism—the sum of all chemical operations within body Excretion—ridding the body of harmful substances Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

12. Functions necessary for life • Growth/Differentiation—growth over time due to increased number of cells and (in multicellular organisms) different cells specializing in different functions Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

13. Environmental factors—Survival needs • Nutrients • Oxygen • Water • Appropriate temperature • Atmospheric pressure Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

14. Homeostasis • the give and take/balancing act going on in your body at all times. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

15. Language of Anatomy www.answers.com Anatomical position—hands at sides with palms forward • Become familiar with Table 1.1 and figures 1.5a and 1.5b—this will help you in later chapters! Supine—lying face up in anatomical position Prone—lying face down in anatomical position Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

16. Language of Anatomy con’t: • Superior/Cranial: Toward the head end of the body. • Eg. The hand is part of the superior extermity. • Inferior/Caudal: Toward the foot end of the body. • Eg. The foot is part of the inferior extremity; the hips are caudal to the wrist. • Anterior/ventral: Belly side (only in humans, not 4-legged animals) • Eg. The kneecap is located on the anterior side of the body. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

17. Language of Anatomy con’t: Posterior/Dorsal—back (only in humans, not 4-legged animals) • eg. The shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body. Medial—toward the midline of the body. • eg. The great toe is located on the medial side of the foot. Lateral—away from the midline of the body • eg. Moving laterally from the nose brings you to the eyes. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

18. Language of Anatomy con’t: Proximal—toward/nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part. • eg. The elbow is located on the proximal end of the forearm. Distal—away from/farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a part. • eg. The hand is located on the distal end of the forearm. Superficial—near/relatively near the surface of the body. • eg. The skin is superficial to the muscles Deep—farther from the body surface. • eg. The bones are deep in the arm. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

19. Body Planes are sections www.norcalneuro.com Sagittal—a lengthwise plane running from front to back that divides a body into right and left sides. Median/Midsagittal—sagittal plane through the midline; splitting the body into right and left halves. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

20. Body Planes are sections Coronal/Frontal—lengthwise plane running from side to side; divides a body into anterior and posterior parts. Transverse—crosswise plane; divides body into superior and inferior parts. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

21. Overview of Tissues www.willamette.edu a tissue is an organized group of cells and non-living interstitial material. Each tissue specializes in performing at least one unique function that is essential for healthy survival of the body. • Epithelial tissue: • Lines the body’s surface, cavities, ducts and tubes • One free surface faces a body fluid or the environment Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

22. Epithelial tissue • Functions of Epithelial Tissue: • Provide physical protection—protect exposed/internal surfaces from abrasion, dehydration, etc. • Control permeability—any substance that enters/leaves body has to cross an epithelium • Provide sensation—most epithelia are extensively innervated by sensory nerves. Can detect changes in their environment and convey information to the nervous system. • Produce specialized secretions Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

23. Connective Tissue examples include bone, fat and blood. Found throughout the body but never exposed to the outside environment. Many are highly vascularized (lots of blood vessels) and contain sensory receptors that provide pain, pressure, temp and other info. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

24. Examples of Connective Tissues www.bio.miami.edu Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

25. Connective Tissue con’t: • Functions of Connective Tissue • Establishing a structural framework for the body. • Transport fluids from one region of the body to another. • Protect delicate organs. • Storing energy reserves. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

26. Classification--Connective Tissue: www.advancell.net Dense Connective Tissue—many types of cells and interstitial fibers in a syrupy ground substance. • Fibroblasts—helps form tendons and ligaments Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

27. Classification--Connective Tissue: www.fi.edu www.fi.edu www.fi.edu Loose Connective Tissues • Blood—blood cells and fragments of cells (formed elements). The RBCs (erythrocytes) account for ½ volume of blood—job is to carry oxygen to cells of body. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

28. Classification--Connective Tissue: www.lima.ohio-state.edu oregonstate.edu • Areolar tissue—most widely distributed connective tissue, cobwebby tissue that cushions and protects. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

29. Classification--Connective Tissue: www.unm.edu medinfo.ufl.edu Adipose tissue (fat)—areolar tissue with lots of fat cells. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

30. Classification--Connective Tissue: Reticular tissue—found in lymph home.mc.ntu.edu.tw Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

31. Classification--Connective Tissue: Supporting Connective Tissue • Cartilage—avascular—all nutrients/waste products must go through cartilage via diffusion. • Blood vessels don’t grow here due to antiangiogenesis factor (chemical that discourages the growth of bv). This antiangiogenesis factor is being studied for use in cancer treatment. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

32. Types of Cartilage www.hoinews.com Hyaline—tough but somewhat flexible. egs. Ribs/sternum, nasal cartilage, knee and elbows. www.allaboutarthritis.com Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

33. Types of Cartilage www.humpath.com www.webster.edu Elastic—extremely resilient and flexible. egs. External flap of ear, auditory tube, epiglottis. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

34. Types of Cartilage www.spinesource.com www.answers.com Fibrocartilage—extremely tough and durable. egs. Cartilage between the vertebrae, between pubic bones Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

35. Supporting Connective Tissue con’t: bibleocean.com Bone—much tougher/stronger than cartilage. We will discuss this in great detail in the Skeletal System unit. Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

36. Muscular Tissue Muscle Tissue (function of)—coordinate movement of the body and its parts. www.uta.edu • Skeletal muscle—voluntary • Cardiac muscle—found in heart • Smooth muscle—involuntary—found in digestive system and other involuntary actions Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com

37. Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue (function of)—specializes in communication between the various parts of the body and integration of its activities. oregonstate.edu Free PowerPoint Template from www.brainybetty.com