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Some Speech Basics Phonetic Transcription, Context-dependent variation, and Intonation

Jennifer J. Venditti Postdoctoral Research Associate Columbia Computer Science 12 September 2002. Some Speech Basics Phonetic Transcription, Context-dependent variation, and Intonation. 1. Phonetic Transcription. Spelling vs. Sounds. same spelling = different sounds

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Some Speech Basics Phonetic Transcription, Context-dependent variation, and Intonation

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  1. Jennifer J. Venditti Postdoctoral Research Associate Columbia Computer Science 12 September 2002 Some Speech BasicsPhonetic Transcription,Context-dependent variation,and Intonation

  2. 1. Phonetic Transcription

  3. Spelling vs. Sounds • same spelling = different sounds o comb, tomb, bomb oo blood, food, good c court, center, cheese s reason, surreal, shy • same sound = different spellings [i] sea, see, scene, receive, thief [s] cereal, same, miss [u] true, few, choose, lieu, do [ay] prime, buy, rhyme, lie • combination of letters = single sound ch child, beach th that, bathe oo good, foot gh laugh • single letter = combination of sounds x exit, Texas u use, music • ‘silent’ letters k knife, know p psycho, pterodactyl e moose, bone gh through

  4. Figures 4.1 and 4.2: Jurafsky & Martin (2000), pages 94-95.

  5. On-line pronunciation dictionaries Source: Jurafsky & Martin (2000), page 121.

  6. alveolar post-alveolar/palatal dental velar uvular labial pharyngeal laryngeal/glottal Places of articulation http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~danhall/phonetics/sammy.html

  7. Vocal fold vibration [UCLA Phonetics Lab demo]

  8. Articulatory parameters for English consonants (in ARPAbet) MANNER OF ARTICULATION VOICING:

  9. HIGH iy uw ix ux ih uh oy ey ow ax FRONT BACK ao aw eh ah ay ae aa LOW American English vowel space

  10. [iy] vs. [uw] (From a lecture given by Rochelle Newman)

  11. [ae] vs. [aa] (From a lecture given by Rochelle Newman)

  12. [p] [ix] [t] [ih] [sh] [ax] [n] [p] [ae] [t] [s] [iy] [n] [s] [ae] [l] [iy] [p] [ix] [t] [ih] Acoustic landmarks “Patricia and Patsy and Sally”

  13. Articulators in action (Sample from the Queen’s University / ATR Labs X-ray Film Database) “Why did Ken set the soggy net on top of his deck?”

  14. Exercise (1) • Write your name in: (a) IPA. (b) ARPAbet (if possible). • Choose one of the following triplets and transcribe each word in both IPA and ARPAbet. • cone, tomb, bottom • blood, fool, hook • court, race, cheese • reason, surreal, cash • thing, these, other • laugh, through, ghoul

  15. Figures 4.1 and 4.2: Jurafsky & Martin (2000), pages 94-95.

  16. IPA consonants (Distributed by the International Phonetics Association.)

  17. IPA vowels (Distributed by the International Phonetics Association.)

  18. Context-dependent phonetic variation

  19. Context-dependent variation • What we would consider a single ‘sound’ can be pronounced differently depending on the phonetic context. For example, the phoneme /t/: Figure 4.8: Jurafsky & Martin (2000), page 104.

  20. Another regular alternation • I can ask [ay k ae n ae s k] • I can see [ay k ae n s iy] • I can bake [ay k ae m b ey k] • I can play [ay k ae m p l ey] • I can go [ay k ae ng g ow] • I can carry [ay k ae ng k ae r iy] n  m / __ [+labial stop] n  ng / __ [+velar stop] (inopportune [n], insatiable [n], impervious [m], immortal [m], incoherent [ng], ingratitude [ng])

  21. English plurals hiccup [p] hiccups flood [d]  floods sock [k] socks scab [b]  scabs habit [t]  habits frog [g]  frogs spoof [f] spoofs comb [m]  combs hearth [th]  hearths grave [v]  graves lathe [dh] lathes beach [ch] beaches fool [l] fools dish [sh] dishes sewer [r] sewers judge [jh] judges pies [ay] pies race [s] races curfew [uw] curfews axe [s] axes sofa [ax] sofas raise [z] raises

  22. Phonological rules for Engl. plurals • Assume that the lexical form of plural is /z/. • Insertion:   ix / [+sibilant] ^__ z # • Devoicing: z  s / [-voice] ^__ # bus+PL cape+PL hen+PL /b ah s +z//k ey p +z//h eh n +z/ insertion: b ah s +ix z -- -- devoicing: -- k ey p s -- [b ah s ix z] [k ey p s] [h eh n z] /b ah s +z//k ey p +z//h eh n +z/ devoicing: b ah s s k ey p s -- insertion: -- -- -- *[b ah s s] [k ey p s] [h eh n z]

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