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NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES

Ch. 1 Sec. 2. NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES. THE WEST. Mesoamerican civilizations helped shaped Natchez society. By the time Europeans arrived in the Americas, Native Americans were fragmented into many different groups.

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NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES

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  1. Ch. 1 Sec. 2 NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES

  2. THE WEST • Mesoamerican civilizations helped shaped Natchez society. • By the time Europeans arrived in the Americas, Native Americans were fragmented into many different groups. • The different groups were scattered across many different regions throughout the Americas. • The fragmentation of the American west was especially severed due to the extreme variations in climate and geography.

  3. THE SOUTHWEST • Were descendents of the Anasazi and the Hohokam. • These groups included the Zuni, Hopi, and other Pueblo peoples. • Depended mainly on corn for food, but also planted squash and beans. • When a man and a women got married, they went to live with the mother in her home.

  4. THE SOUTHWEST • Work between men and women was separate among the Indians of the American Southwest. • Men farmed and herded sheep, performed ceremonies, made moccasins, and wove clothing. • Women took care of the home, crafted pottery, and hauled water.

  5. THE SOUTHWEST • When boys turned six, they joined the Kachina cult. • The Kachina cult was responsible for bringing in good messages from the gods. • The Kachina cult would visit towns wearing mask and performed ceremonial dances that were supposed to represent “good spirits.”

  6. THE PACIFIC COAST • Groups included the Tlingit, Haida, Kwakiutls, Nootkas, Chinook, the Pomo and the Salish. • Lived in areas bordering the Pacific Ocean stretching from southwestern Alaska to Washington state and California. • Pacific Coast Indians didn’t practice agriculture. The relied mainly on fish and hunting animals like deer. • Pacific Coast Indians are most famous for their ceremonial mask and totem poles.

  7. THE GREAT PLAINS • Included the Kansas, Pawnee, Sioux, and Iowa peoples • Great Plains Indians were influenced by the Hopewell and the Mississippi cultures. • Before the Europeans came to the Americas, most of these native cultures were nomads because they were forced to abandon their villages due to war. • The most well known of the Great Plains group was the Sioux.

  8. THE GREAT PLAINS • The life of the Sioux changed dramatically after the arrival the Europeans because the Spanish introduced them to horses. • The Sioux were able tame and train the newly introduced horses and became some of the fiercest mounted warriors ever to exist. • The Sioux were very well known for scalping the heads of the enemy the defeated in battle.

  9. THE FAR NORTH • The Inuit and the Aleut made their home in the far north areas of the Americas (Alaska, Greenland, and the Aleutian Islands). • Depended heavily on hunting (seals, walrus, polar bears, and caribou). • Invented a wide variety of things to help them deal with the harsh cold environment (harpoon, kayak, dogsled, ivory spikes, and snow goggles).

  10. THE EASTERN WOODLANDS • Located East of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes. • Provided for themselves by combining hunting , fishing, and farming. • Also planted corn, beans, and squash.

  11. PEOPLE OF THE NORTHEAST • Divided into two major groups, those who spoke Algonquin and those who spoke Iroquoian. • Algonquian speaking people lived in present-day New England, and in areas around the Delaware and Ohio River Valleys. • Succotash, hominy, moccasin, and papoose are all words that come from the Algonquin language.

  12. PEOPLE OF THE NORTHEAST • Stretching west from the Hudson River, southern Ontario, and the north Georgian Bay. • Included the Huron, Neutral, Erie, Wenro, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk. • Practiced slash and burn agriculture. • Lived in longhouses and wigwams

  13. PEOPLE OF THE NORTHEAST • All of the Iroquoian people lived in kinship groups that were led by the elder woman of the family. • Iroquois women were in charge of harvesting crops of up to 10 related families that lived together. • Separate Iroquois tribes began to fight one another and started killing each other off. • In an effort to prevent the Iroquois from dying off, tribal leaders got together put together The Constitution of the Five Nations.

  14. PEOPLE OF THE NORTHEAST • The Constitution of the Five Nations was an alliance among all Iroquoian people that was later named the Iroquois League. • Under the Iroquois League, Iroquois tribes followed the Great Binding Law that defined how the alliance worked. • Women selected the tribal chiefs, and would get rid of appointees if they felt they did a bad job.

  15. PEOPLE OF THE SOUTHEAST • Included the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Natchez, and Creek. • People of the Southeast divided themselves into two groups. • War Towns were where war leaders lived and men trained for war. • Peace Towns were where political leaders lived.

  16. THE END

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