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Drug Abuse in the Middle East

Drug Abuse in the Middle East. R. Srinivasa Murthy Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of World Health Organisation, Cairo, Egypt. Illicit Drug Index-2005. DRUG ABUSE IS PUBLIC HEALTH PRIORITY. Scope of the Presentation: Introduction to countries of Middle East

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Drug Abuse in the Middle East

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  1. Drug Abuse in the Middle East R. Srinivasa Murthy Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of World Health Organisation, Cairo, Egypt.

  2. Illicit Drug Index-2005

  3. DRUG ABUSE IS PUBLIC HEALTH PRIORITY

  4. Scope of the Presentation: • Introduction to countries of Middle East • Drug abuse- production and supply • Drug abuse- Magnitude of the problem • Drug abuse- Health impact • Drug abuse- interventions • Drug abuse- Challenges

  5. Countries of the Middle East • Region of • Contrasts, • Conflicts and • Challenges.

  6. GNP in USD$ > 9000 USD( highest $28270) 4000 USD – 9000 USD 1700 USD – 4000 USD 1000 USD – 1700USD < 1000 USD(lowest $169)

  7. Life Expectancy > 65 Years 50 – 65 Years < 50 Years

  8. Adult Literacy Rate < 64% 65% - 80% > 81%

  9. Less than 15 years > 40% < 40%

  10. EMRO-Countries in Complex Emergencies and Post-Conflict situations

  11. Doctors /10 000 population < 2 2 - 10 10 - 20 > 20

  12. Psychiatrists/100,000 2.0 0.8 0.5 1.6 0.5 1.0 0.04 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.15 1.0 1.3 3.4 1.3 0.1 0.2 2.0 0.1

  13. Drug Abuse- • Production and Supply

  14. 82,000 ha 74,000 ha 2000 2002 8,000 ha 80,000 ha (+ 8%) 2001 2003 Evolution of Afghan opium poppy cultivation since 2000

  15. Tentative estimate of cannabis resin production and main source countries 7,400 metric tons

  16. Magnitude of the Problem

  17. Risk Factors: Smoking prevalence among men in EMRO 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 OMA BAH % SUD IRA UAE MOR KUW PAK SAA IRQ OPT EGY JOR LEB SYR YEM TUN DJI Source: World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, 2002

  18. Drug Abuse Pattern in the Region • Opioids- Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iran, Pakistan, Oman • Khat- Djibouti, Somalia, Yemen • Stimulants-

  19. Regional Situation • Age of starting drugs is decreasing • Injectable drugs is increasing • Women are using drugs more often • Contribution to spread of HIV/AIDS • Majority of the drug abusers are not seeking treatment

  20. DRUG ABUSE IS PUBLIC HEALTH PRIORITY

  21. Health Impact

  22. The Facts… in the EMR… cont’d

  23. The Facts… in the EMR

  24. Al Razi addiction treatment unit - % of admissions HIV positive

  25. Regional Initiatives

  26. Regional Initiatives • High Recognition of the problem: • June 2005,Cairo,Egypt • High Level Arab Conference for Protecting the Youth from Substance Abuse • 2nd Inter agency Working Group on Young People and HIV/AIDS in MENA. • Youth in the Middle East

  27. Innovative Regional Initiatives • Specialised treatment facilities- Libya, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia • Prevention through Life skills education Eg. Egypt, Iran, Oman • Harm reduction strategies- needle exchange, methadone treatment Eg. Iran • Triangular clinics • Public Mental Health Education • Involvement of Religious leaders

  28. Regional Strategy for Substance Use and Dependence • 1. Development of National policy- multi-sectoral with networking; • 2.Increasing understanding of causes, consequences and care; • 3. Human Resource Development; • 4.Wide range of services in Community; • 5.Promotion of psychosocial wellbeing and prevention

  29. WHO ROLE • RAPID- Reg. Adv Panel on Impact of Drugs-since 2002 • Advocacy • Legislation • Research • Setting standards for care and HRD • Coordination with UNODC, UNAIDS, UNFPA,UNESCO,Arab League • Models of Prevention

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