Chapter 5 Section 1

1. Chapter 5 Section 1 Prelude to War

2. More than 8.5 Million People total die * More than 5 million Allied soldiers die (this is the side the US eventually joins) * Just over 100,000 Americans die *Nearly 3.5 million Central Power soldiers die (Germany’s side) Almost as many SOLDIERS died in WWI as there are people in the state of Ohio Lots of people died

4. Trench Warfare

6. Lots of new technologies used

7. Old practices combined with new

8. 28th President Woodrow Wilson *** As President, Woodrow Wilson promised to make the United States honest and moral when it came to dealing with other countries. 1.) Events at home and inside the United States, however, frustrated his hopes to lead the world by example.

9. When brutal dictator Victoriano Huerta looked as if he would remain in power, Wilson sent troops and occupied a Mexican Port. Protests erupted much to Wilson’s surprise, and Argentina, Brazil, and Chile had to mediate a truce. When Pancho Villa tried to take over Mexico, he made raids into the United States and burned the town of Columbus, New Mexico. A US Army force under the command of General John J. Pershing chased Villa into Mexico for over a year until WWI forced Wilson to recall the troops. Marines were sent to Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic to set up governments that America felt to be more stable.

10. A. In 1914, World War I broke out in Europe. There were several causes. (Remember: ANIMAL) 1. Alliance System – Most European countries were involved in a series of complicated alliances – a type of buddy system that drew many countries into conflict when one got involved

11. 2. Nationalism – European people experienced pride in their countries that had not been experienced before; before WWI many of the countries had been rival city-states. When they formed countries, many people began to feel a sense of pride and duty to the country, and they were willing to defend their nation.

12. 3. Imperialism – By 1914, there was still a fierce competition for many countries to see who could acquire more land for natural resources and markets to sell their goods; defeating another country in WWI meant the possibility of taking their territory http://www.history.com/videos/causes-of-world-war-i#causes-of-world-war-i

13. 4. Militarism – The same technologies that led to the industrial revolution and the rise of imperialism allowed countries to use new military weapons that had never been used before – examples include airplanes, advanced gas warfare, and machine guns

14. An example of militarism can be found in Czar Nicholas’s son Alexei. At right, the Czar and his son both wear the Order of Saint Andrew, Russia’s highest military award. Royal family members received this at birth. Below, Alexei can be seen in uniform with his custom made, fully functioning miniature M1891 Mosin-Nagant rifle.

15. 5. Anarchism – Simply put, nobody could stop a country from being aggressive, there was no world police, no United Nations, and no other international organizations 6. Leadership – The leaders of these countries were extremely weak; many of the European rulers were kings or queens who got their power because it was handed down to them

16. Allied Countries(in the beginning):Britain, Russia, Italy, France B. In June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated while visiting Serbia. (THIS WAS THE SPARK) 1. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. 2. Alliance partners came to each other’s defense, and soon all of Europe found itself engulfed in war. C. On one side stood the Central Powers—Germany, the Ottoman Empire, and Austria-Hungary. On the other side were the Allies—Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and several smaller nations. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njINCi9iIrA&feature=fvsr Central Powers(in the beginning):Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary

17. A. As World War I began, the United States took a position of neutrality. B. Despite the nation’s official neutral stance, many individual Americans took sides. 1. German Americans were sympathetic to their homeland. 2. Due to the common heritage shared by the United States and Great Britain, most Americans favored the Allies.

18. Isolationism World War Wilson is elected, despite only winning 40% of the vote Pancho Villa conducts raids into the United States Wilson declares neutrality; cites immigrants from both sides

19. C. Ties between the United States and the Allies became closer when the United States government lent the Allies $2 billion. D. America’s neutrality did not protect it from either the Allies or the Central Powers. 1. The British, for example, forced American ships into port for inspection, in order to keep goods from being shipped to Germany.

20. Isolationism World War Wilson is elected, despite only winning 40% of the vote Pancho Villa conducts raids into the United States Wilson declares neutrality; cites immigrants from both sides Trade ties with Britain and France increases

21. E. The Germans retaliated against the British on the high seas by using a new weapon—the submarine, or “U-boat.” 1. In 1915, German forces sank the British passenger liner, Lusitania. 2. Nearly 1,200 passengers drowned, including 128 Americans.

22. Isolationism World War Wilson is elected, despite only winning 40% of the vote Pancho Villa conducts raids into the United States Wilson declares neutrality; cites immigrants from both sides Trade ties with Britain and France increases Germany torpedoes passenger liner Lusitania

23. F. Some Americans called for war against Germany. 1. Others felt that people who traveled on ships of warring nations did so at their own risk. G. In March 1916, a U-boat torpedoed the French passenger ship Sussex, injuring several Americans on board.

24. Isolationism World War Wilson is elected, despite only winning 40% of the vote Pancho Villa conducts raids into the United States Wilson declares neutrality; cites immigrants from both sides Trade ties with Britain and France increases Germany bombs passenger liner the Lusitania French passenger ship Sussex is sunk; Americans killed onboard

25. H. In response, Wilson demanded that the German government abandon submarine warfare or risk war with the United States. I. In what became known as the Sussex pledge, Germany responded by promising, with certain conditions, to sink no more merchant ships without warning.

26. Isolationism World War Wilson is elected, despite only winning 40% of the vote Pancho Villa conducts raids into the United States Wilson declares neutrality; cites immigrants from both sides Trade ties with Britain and France increases Germany sinkspassenger liner the Lusitania French passenger ship Sussex is sunk; Americans killed onboard Germany signs Sussex Pledge

27. Why does the United States stay neutral for the first years of war? NEUTRALITY WAR