1 / 49

Christina River Basin CZO

Christina River Basin CZO. Spatial and temporal integration of carbon and mineral fluxes: a whole watershed approach to quantifying anthropogenic modification of critical zone carbon sequestration. Donald L. Sparks , Univ. of Delaware, dlsparks@UDel.Edu

makya
Download Presentation

Christina River Basin CZO

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Christina River Basin CZO Spatial and temporal integration of carbon and mineral fluxes: a whole watershed approach to quantifying anthropogenic modification of critical zone carbon sequestration Donald L. Sparks, Univ. of Delaware, dlsparks@UDel.Edu Anthony K. Aufdenkampe, Stroud Water Research Center, aufdenkampe@stroudcenter.org Louis A. Kaplan, Stroud Water Research Center, lakaplan@stroudcenter.org James E. Pizzuto, Univ. of Delaware, pizzuto@UDel.Edu Kyungsoo Yoo, Univ. of Delaware, kyoo@udel.edu

  2. CRB-CZO Faculty Rolf Aalto, UW & U. Exeter. Sediment fingerprinting, dating, stratigraphy. David D. Arscott, SWRC. Sensor network development. Anthony K. Aufdenkampe, SWRC. Carbon-mineral formation, transport, fate. Charles L. Dow, SWRC. Data management. Susan Gill, SWRC. Education & Outreach. George M. Hornberger, Vanderbilt U. Watershed scale hydrological modeling. Paul T. Imhoff, UD. Subsurface water, solute and gas modeling. Shreeram Inamdar, UD. Dissolved organic matter fluxes and fingerprints. Yan Jin, UD. Colloidal-scale transport and complexation. Louis A. Kaplan, SWRC. Sources and bioavailability of organic matter. Delphis F. Levia, UD. Forest ecology, hydrology and biogeochemistry. Holly A. Michael, UD. Groundwater-surface water dynamics. J. Denis Newbold, SWRC. Sediment transport & hydrological modeling. James E. Pizzuto, SWRC. Watershed geomorphology & sediment budgets. Donald L. Sparks, UD. Mineral & metal speciation. Kyungsoo Yoo, UMN. Hillslope generation and transport of mineral surfaces. Ilya Zaslavsky, SDSC-UCSD. Cyber-infrastructure. Daniel Leathers, UD. Dororthy Merritts, Franklin & Marshall C. Alain Plante, U. of Penn. Robert Walters, Franklin & Marshall College Christopher Sommerfield, UD.

  3. Christina River Basin (CRB) • Piedmont & Atlantic Coastal Plain • Human Landuse for centuries • Exceptionally well-studied

  4. Overall Hypothesis CO2 Primary Production • Processes that mix minerals and carbon are rate limiting to watershed-scale carbon sequestration and chemical weathering • Humans accelerate rates of carbon-mineral mixing, resulting in anthropogenic carbon sequestration significant to local, regional & global budgets • See talk by Aufdenkampe excess carbon organo-mineral complexation excess mineral mineral production complexation potential

  5. Overall Goal CO2 Primary Production • To quantify the net carbon sink (or source) due to mineral production, weathering, erosion & deposition … • within contrasting land uses… • as materials are transported & transformed across geophysical boundaries that traditionally separate scientific disciplines. sapprolite → topsoils → aquifers → riparian floodplains → wetlands → river networks → salt marshes → estuaries → sea excess carbon organo-mineral complexation excess mineral mineral production complexation potential

  6. Legacy Sediment in WCC • Walter & Merritts, 2008, Science. • Chunmei Chen’s PhD

  7. CRB-CZO Objectives • Properties of Carbon-Mineral Complexes • Weathering and Erosion Controls on Carbon-Mineral Complex Formation • Fluvial Network Controls on Carbon-Mineral Complex Formation & Preservation • Watershed Integration of Erosion-Driven Carbon Sequestration Spatial Scaling

  8. Research Approach For CRB-CZO Whole Watershed “Saprolite to Sea” Synthesis (Q4) Canopy Upland (Q 1, 2, 3) Riparian (Q 1, 2, 3 & 4) Soil Erosion (Q3) Stream Network (Q 1, 3 & 4) Physically mobile soil Water & Solute Flux (Q2) Bank Erosion Fluvial Deposition (Q3) Soil (Q2) production Saprolite Coluvial Deposition (Q3) Fresh bedrock Organo-metal-mineral complexation (Q1) Stream Network Metabolism (Q4)

  9. New Hires • 3 Post-Docs • 5 Graduate Students • 1 Sensor Network Engineer • 1 Research Watershed Manager (50% on CZO) • 1 Accountant/Administrative Assistant (50% on CZO)

  10. Study Sites 2 3 1 4 6 5

  11. Study Sites • 3rd order White Clay Creek at SWRC, 800 ha

  12. Study Sites • 3rd order White Clay Creek at SWRC, 800 ha • 1st order forest, ~20 ha

  13. Study Sites • 3rd order White Clay Creek at SWRC, 800 ha • 1st order forest, ~20 ha • 1st order row crop, ~40 ha

  14. Study Sites • 3rd order White Clay Creek at SWRC, 800 ha • 1st order forest, ~20 ha • 1st order row crop, ~40 ha • 1st order construction,~50 ha

  15. Study Sites 2 3 1 4 6 5 • 3rd order White Clay Creek at SWRC, 800 ha • 1st order forest, 24 ha • 1st order row crop, ~40 ha • 1st order construction, ~50 ha • mouth White Clay Creek, 277 km2 • mouth Brandywine Creek, 842 km2 All depositional zones: floodplains, wetlands, salt marshes, Delaware Bay

  16. Soil and Sediment Studies • Intensive geochemical characterization of upland forest, upland row crop and floodplain “legacy sediment” soils in 3rd order White Clay Creek • See poster by Chen, Sparks et al. • Expanded storm sampling efforts in 3rd order White Clay Creek to include tributaries, ephemeral channels and convergent overland flow • Preliminary mixing modeling of dissolved species to apportion flow to sources

  17. Soil and Sediment Studies • Preliminary survey of extent of legacy sediment deposits in 3rd order White Clay Creek

  18. Sensor Network Development • Wireless real-time networks • 100’s of simple sensors constructed from high quality, inexpensive components • Advanced geochemical sensors • See poster by Aufdenkampe, Hicks, et.al.

  19. CRB-CZO Cyber-Infrastructure • Actively participating in the development of the national CZO cyber-infrastructure • Transitioning local data into a hybrid of: • CUAHSI’s Hydro-Server data system • EarthChem data model • All sensor data will be available in real time, with QA’ed datasets provided later

  20. CRB-CZO Cyber-Infrastructure • Partnering w/ Delaware Environmental Observing System to aggregate regional data for public visualization & access • See poster by Aufdenkampe & talk by Gill

  21. LIDAR, Vegetation & Geormorphology • Vegetation survey in conjunction with NCALM LIDAR flights • See poster by Levia • Will characterize riparian tree heights with LIDAR to quantify potential for Large Woody Debris to modify sediment dynamics • Will characterize floodplain geomorphology to understand sediment storage & dynamics

  22. Modeling • Implementing the Penn State Integrated Hydrology Model (PIHM) throughout CRB • 6 of us have received training • model runningfor 3rd order WCC at SWRC

  23. Modeling • Refining results from TOPMODEL and a 2-D hillslope hydrological model • See poster by Mei and Hornberger • Will use a number of other models • Groundwater geochemistry models • Sediment transport models

  24. Education & Outreach • NSF Education awards related to CZO • Model My Watershed • Critical Zone education • Pending and Planned Proposals • Monitor My Watershed • STEP Geosciences Center • REU Distributed Site for CZOs • Christina River Basin public workshops • Partnership with UD Water Resources Agency • See talk by Gill

  25. Planned Activities for 2010-11 • Intense effort to install infrastructure • Install water gauging and sampling infrastructure at 6 stream stations. • Flumes, wells, lysimeters, rain collectors, automated water collectors, etc. • Install wireless sensor communication system, with • 1 hub at each of 6 stream stations • 4-8 sensor nodes communicating to each hub • Install meteoric, hydrolgical and geochemical sensors • Implement data infrastructure to harvest real-time data • Establish hillslope and floodplain transects

  26. Planned Activities for 2010-11 • Intense field surveying and sampling effort • Dig and sample soil pits along transects • install soil sensors • Identify and sample important erosional source sites and depositional sink sites • For geochemical composition and fingerprinting • Chase storms! • Collect material in transport within overland flow and stream waters • Continue to develop experimental and analytical approaches to test specific hypotheses

  27. Thank YouFunded by:US National Science Foundation

  28. Obj. 1: Properties of Carbon-Mineral Complexes 1.1: The capacity of the inorganic matrix to complex and stabilize OC is a multivariate function of mineral surface area, mineralogy, polyvalent cations and OM composition %OC = f(surface area, mineral, cations, OM composition, etc.) 1.2: The intrinsic biological and chemical stability of organic carbon complexed by an inorganic matrix can be predicted from the OM composition and its concentration relative to complexation potential

  29. Obj. 2: Weathering and Erosion Controls on Carbon-Mineral Complex Formation 2.1: Organo-mineral complexation in natural uplands is limited by physical mineral supply from the underlying B horizon or saprolite, which are governed by vertical soil mixing (<10 yr time scale) and landscape lowering (>10 Kyr time scale). 2.2: Coupled chemical and microbial weathering processes determine the spatial distribution of the sources of OC-complexation potential 2.3: Human accelerated erosion and chemical weathering significantly increase the production of OC-complexation potential

  30. Obj. 3: Fluvial Network Controls on Complex Formation & Preservation 3.1: Accelerated erosion by modern agricultural and construction activities (1) creates fluvial carbon sinks within the watersheds and (2) decreases overall bioavailability of the stream water carbon leaving the watershed • Tracer Characterization of Sediment Sources • Determine Modern Sedimentation Rates and Concentrations • Determine Historical Rates and Concentrations

  31. Obj. 4: Watershed Integration of Erosion-Driven Carbon Sequestration 4.1: Instream heterotrophic metabolism is supported primarily by non-complexed carbon, a large fractions of which has been stored in floodplains for long periods (>50 y). Note: Major task for Obj. 4 should be Integrated Watershed Model of following equations 1 & 2.

  32. Required Data • Stream Stations: • Continuous: Q, TSS, TOC, cond., DO, T, pH, NO3 • Samplers: %OC of TSS, δ13C of POC & DOC, mineral elements and isotopes (210Pb, 137Cs), etc. • Hydrology & Climate • Precip., ET, runoff • Groundwater, soil moisture • Flow paths and fluxes (measured and modeled) • Sediment source and deposit samples • %OC of TSS, δ13C of POC & DOC, mineral elements and isotopes (210Pb, 137Cs), etc.

  33. In Situ UV-Vis-Derived Parameters

  34. In Situ UV-Vis-Derived Parameters

  35. In Situ UV-Vis-Derived Parameters

  36. CZO Cyber-Infrastructure Goals • Create a system of “one-stop-shopping” for water and sediment data for CRB • Share data within project • Share data online with public • As much in real-time as possible • Curate future and historical data • Integrate with CUAHSI’s Hydrological Information Systems (HIS) • Observations Data Model (ODM) relational database for our project data • Web services to search and retrieve data from partners

  37. Sites & LIDAR

  38. NOAA Climate Reference NetworkStation at SWRC

  39. Christina River Basin CZO Spatial and temporal integration of carbon and mineral fluxes: a whole watershed approach to quantifying anthropogenic modification of critical zone carbon sequestration Sparks, Aufdenkampe, Yoo, Kaplan, Pizzuto, Aalto and many others • Overall goal: • To quantify the net carbon sink (or source) due to mineral production, weathering, erosion and deposition … • as materials are transported and transformed across geophysical boundaries that traditionally separate scientific disciplines, i.e.: • topsoils → subsoils → aquifers → riparian floodplains → river networks → estuaries

  40. Basis for Hypothesis CO2 Primary Production • Organic matter (OM) complexation to fine minerals is a critical factor to stabilizing and sequestering carbon • OM production and fine mineral production are spatially separated • Minerals will rapidly acquire normal carbon loadings when well-mixed with fresh OM • An excess of fresh OM is mobilized into freshwaters, with 50-95% being respired before the ocean excess carbon organo-mineral complexation excess mineral mineral production complexation potential

  41. Carbon Sequestration by Human Erosion

  42. Whole Watershed Approach

  43. The Critical Zone

  44. NSF Critical Zone Observatory National Program • Goal: Establish long-term watershed-scale “observatories” in different physiographic regions of USA • with state-of-the-art monitoring and cyber-infrastructure, and • as a resource for multi-disciplinary teams of scientists from around the nation • 3 CZO’s funded in 2007 • 3 CZO’s funded in 2009, with stimulus funds

More Related