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The Periodic Table of Elements

The Periodic Table of Elements. What are atoms?. Atoms are composed of protons , electrons , and neutrons . The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is equal to its atomic number .

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The Periodic Table of Elements

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  1. The Periodic Table of Elements

  2. What are atoms? • Atoms are composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is equal to its atomic number. • In the ground state, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. It also equals the number of neutrons. • Protons = Neutrons = Electrons

  3. What is the Periodic Table of the Elements? • Elements are substances that cannot be broken down any further by chemical means. • The Periodic Table is the arrangement of these elements by increasing atomic number and similar properties.

  4. Properties • Chemical- A property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity. • Ex: electronegativity, pH, toxicity, reactivity, flammability • Physical- A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into something else. • Ex: length, color, shape, density, mass, volume, solubility,

  5. How is it specifically arranged? • Periods (Rows) • Groups (Columns) • Atomic number

  6. Periods • Row = Period • Period Number = Highest Unexcited Energy Level • Why are there more elements in a period as you move down the periodic table?

  7. Groups • Column = Group • Share Number of Valence Electrons and Common Properties • What is a valence shell? Outermost Shell • Same Valence Electrons = Similar Chemical Properties • Roman Numerals = Valence Electrons • Fluorine (F) – • Roman Numeral VII • 7 valence electrons

  8. Properties and Trends • Properties in Comparison • Atom Size • Energy Required to Remove an Electron from an Atom • Ability to Form a Chemical Bond

  9. Organizing Elements • Elements are sorted by common properties. • The major categories of elements are the metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

  10. Metals • What is a metal? • Metals are lustrous, malleable, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. • This is because the electrons in the valence shell of a metal has electrons that move easily.

  11. What are the types of metals? • Alkali Metals • Alkaline Earth Metals • Transition Metals

  12. Nonmetals • Elements that do not share the properties of metals. • Halogens • Noble Gases

  13. Metalloids (Semimetals) • Elements that share some, but not all the properties of metals. • Staircase

  14. State • The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. • Most elements are solid at standard temperature, but a few are gaseous and only a couple are liquid. • Noble gases are all gaseous at standard temperature.

  15. Atomic Mass • How heavy an atom is. • Calculated by adding up the masses of the protons, neutrons, and electrons of an atom.

  16. http://chemistry.about.com/library/blperiodictable.htm

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