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The periodic table of elements

The periodic table of elements. Alkali metals, earth metals, halogens, and noble gases. The Periodic Table. Proposed by Mendeleev. Groups and Families. Elements in the same column have similar chemical characteristics. Periodic means repeated pattern of characteristics.

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The periodic table of elements

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  1. The periodic table of elements Alkali metals, earth metals, halogens, and noble gases

  2. The Periodic Table Proposed by Mendeleev

  3. Groups and Families • Elements in the same column have similar chemical characteristics. • Periodic means repeated pattern of characteristics. • There are 18 families on the periodic table.

  4. The Periodic Table 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112 Group or Family

  5. The Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rowsarecalledperiods.

  6. Names and Symbols • Element names have symbols with 1-3 letters • The FIRST letter is always capitalized. • The rest of the letters are always lowercase.

  7. Groups and Periods • Period tell you the number of main energy level • Group tells you the number of valance electrons • Valence electrons are electrons in the outer most energy level

  8. Metals • Located generally on the left and center of the periodic table. • Generally solid at room temperature • Grayish Color, shiny surface, and conduct electricity. • Ductile and Malleable • Most elements are metals.

  9. Nonmetal • Does not conduct electricity. • Generally gases at room temperature • Located on the right side of the periodic table. • Brittle • Dull

  10. The Periodic Table Metalloidshave properties of metals as well as nonmetals.

  11. The Periodic Table Transition Elements Transition Elements: subgroup of the metals that often form colored compounds (B group)

  12. The Periodic Table Lanthanide Actinide Lanthanide & Actinide Elements: Rare Earth Metals and elements used in nuclear reactions

  13. Alkali Metals 1A

  14. Proprieties • Very reactive • Explode when exposed to water • Do not occur alone in nature • One electron in outer shell • Softer then most metals • Lithium least reactive • Francium most reactive • Needs to lose 1 e- to be like a noble gas

  15. Alkali Metals Lithium (Li) • Discovered in 1817 by Johann Arfvedson • Uses: batteries, ceramics, medicine Sodium (Na) • Discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy • Uses: medicine, agriculture, streetlights, cosmetic products Potassium (K) • Discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy • Uses: glass, soap, fertilizer, matches

  16. Alkali metals continued Rubidium(Rb) • Discovered in 1861 by R. Bunsen • Uses: catalyst, photocells, special kinds of glasses and lasers Cesium (Cs) • Discovered in 1860 by FustovKirchoff • Uses: removes air traces in vacuum tubes, atomic clocks, treating certain cancers, infrared lamps Francium (Fr) • Discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Derey • Uses: none known • radioactive

  17. Alkaline Earth Metals IIA or 2

  18. Proprities • Have an oxidation number of +2 • Very reactive • Not as reactive as Alkali metals • Not found in nature • Two electrons in outer shell • Soft metal • Low-density • Need to lose 2 electrons to be like a noble gas

  19. Earth metals Beryllium (Be) • Discovered in 1798 by Fredrich Wohler • Uses: spacecraft, missiles, aircraft Magnesium (Mg) • Discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy • Necessary for the growth and metabolism of most living organisms • Uses: airplanes, missiles Calcium (Ca) • Discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy • Uses: cement, plaster, bones, teeth, shells

  20. Earth metals continued Strontium (Sr) • Discovered in 1790 by A. Crawford • Uses: in pyrotechnics (fireworks), magnets, medicine, flares, crimson color Barium (Ba) • discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy • Uses: Pyrotechnics (fireworks), paint, radiology, medine Radium (Ra) • Discovered in 1898 by Pierre and Marie Curie • Uses: Medicine, cancer treatment, radioactive

  21. Halogens VII or 17

  22. Proprities • Non-metallic • “halogen” meaning “salt-former” • Have 7 electrons in their outer shell • Oxidation number of -1 • At room temperature, exist in a solid, liquid, and gas form • Fluorine most reactive and Astatine least reactive • Needs to gain 1 e- to be like a noble gas

  23. halogens Fluorine (F) • Discovered in 1886 by Joseph Henri Moissan • Uses: refrigerants, in toothpaste Chlorine (Cl) • Discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele • Uses: water purification, bleaches • Gas Bromine (Br) • Discovered in 1826 by Antoine J. Balard • Poisonous • liquid

  24. Halogens continued Iodine (I) • Discovered in 1811 by Bernard Courtois • Essential in humans • solid Astatine (At) • Discovered in 1940 by D.R. Corson • Uses: none known • Man-made • radioactive

  25. Noble Gases VIII or 18

  26. Proprities • Oxidation number of 0 • Have maximum number of electrons in outer shell • Stable • unreactive

  27. Noble gases Helium (He) • Discovered in 1895 by Sir William Ramsay • Uses: balloons, deep sea diving, in stars Neon (Ne) • Discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay • Uses: lighting (neon lights), liquid coolant Argon (Ar) • Discovered in 1894 by Sir William Ramsay • Lighting, welding • Most abundant

  28. Noble gasses continued Krypton (Kr) • Discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay • Uses: photography, incandescent lamps Xenon (Xe) • Discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay • Uses: powerful lamps, bubble chambers, lasers • Rarest gas in the atmosphere Radon (Rn) • Discovered in 1898 by Fredrich Ernst Dorn • Uses: treating cancer • radioactive

  29. Fill in the Periodic Table • Color and label the following • Color in the boxes for Metals as green • Color in the boxes for Non – metals as light orange • Color in the boxes for the Metalloids as light purple • With a black pen trace the staircase • Alkali Metals ~ Outline boxes in blue • Alkaline Earth Metals ~ Outline boxes in yellow • Halogens ~ Outline boxes in brown • Noble Gases ~ Outline boxes in red

  30. B Si Ge As Sb Te At

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