1 / 23

Dr. Zulfiqar H. Lodhi Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Islamabad Pakistan

Better Air Quality 2006, 13–15 December Yogyakarta Indonesia Measurement of Ambient Concentration of NO 2 in Different Cities of Pakistan using Diffusion Samplers. Dr. Zulfiqar H. Lodhi Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Islamabad Pakistan. Why NO 2 ?.

maj
Download Presentation

Dr. Zulfiqar H. Lodhi Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Islamabad Pakistan

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Better Air Quality 2006, 13–15 December Yogyakarta IndonesiaMeasurement of Ambient Concentration of NO2 in Different Cities of Pakistan using Diffusion Samplers Dr. Zulfiqar H. Lodhi Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Islamabad Pakistan

  2. Why NO2? • Important Air Pollutant and very Critical Role in the Atmospheric Chemistry • In Atmosphere, NO2 Converted to Nitric Acid and Nitrate. • NO2 is Phytotoxic in nature and adverse effects on crop yield. • NO2 is an important precursor of Ozone formation.

  3. Measurement Methods ► Passive Sampling (Diffusion Sampling) ► Active Sampling (Semi-Automatic) ► Automatic Sampling ► Remote Sensors Diffusion (Passive) sampling was used to monitor the NO2 Concentration in Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta and Federal Capital Islamabad.

  4. Why Diffusion Sampling? Pollutants in the atmosphere are influenced by the weather and chemistry, thus making it difficult to know, where they will concentrate and cause poor air quality. The only way to be certain of this is to monitor the air pollution at as many sites as possible in one time. This can only be done by Diffusion (Passive) Sampling.

  5. Structure of Diffusion Sampler

  6. Diffusion Method Used in the Present Study • The method used in this study has been developed by Japanese Scientist Kazuyuki Aoki in 1978. • This method has application for outdoor measurements due to improvement of diffusion path. • This method can be used for measuring a wide range of gas species like NO2, NO, NH3 and SO2.

  7. Procedure for Using Diffusion Sampler for NO2 Monitoring • Preparation of Diffusion Sampler -Chemicals • Triethanolamine • Dimethyl Sulfoxide • Phosphoric Acid • Sulphanilamide • NEDA.2HCl • Sodium Nitrite

  8. Sampler Preparation

  9. Exposure of Diffusion Samplers

  10. Meteorological Monitoring • Meteorological Equipment used during this study • Thermo-hygrometer (for ambient temperature & Relative Humidity) • Anemometer (Wind Speed Meter and Direction Detector)

  11. Sampling Locations in Cities • Kerbsides • Residential • Commercial • Industrial

  12. Distribution Pattern of NO2 in Karachi

  13. Distribution Pattern of NO2 in Lahore

  14. Distribution Pattern of NO2 in Peshawar

  15. Distribution Pattern of NO2 in Quetta

  16. Distribution Pattern of NO2 in Islamabad

  17. Relationship Between NO2 Concentration and Distance from Road • NO2 concentration decreases according to the distance from road. • The samplers, which installed more than 30m from the road, their NO2 concentration are more or less similar (or stable) • It means background NO2 concentration of Lahore city is ≈ 30 ppb, where as in Peshawar it is ≈ 15 ppb.

  18. Conclusion Mean Max. Min.

  19. Acknowledgments • The authors thank the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) for the financial support of this study. This study was partially funded by the Pakistan Environmentalk Programme (PEP Component) supported by the Royal Netherlands government. Mr. Masashi ITO long term JICA Expert at Pakistan Environmental Protection Agnecy (Pak-EPA) Islamabad has provided the technical know how and supervised this study during his stay in Pak-EPA is highly appreciated. The cooperation extenbded by all provincial EPAs and Civil society are fully acknowledged

More Related