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Imperialism

Imperialism. Pressures for Expansion The Partition of Africa The Division of Asia In the Americas. Imperialism. Defined One country’s domination of another In history the period from 1800 to WWI when Europe dominated the rest of the world Height of European Colonial power.

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Imperialism

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  1. Imperialism • Pressures for Expansion • The Partition of Africa • The Division of Asia • In the Americas

  2. Imperialism • Defined • One country’s domination of another • In history the period from 1800 to WWI when Europe dominated the rest of the world • Height of European Colonial power

  3. Europe saw themselves as the Superior culture • “Take up the White man’s Burden” – Kipling • Viewed other nations and cultures as being less • Rivalries between France, Britain, German, Holland carried over

  4. Mercantilism • Colonies provided raw materials • Mother country (European nation) created finished product • Colonies were captive markets for mother countries goods

  5. Population • Europe in 1800’s had a population explosion • Colonies gave place for excess population to move • Gave second sons a place to achieve

  6. Christian Missionaries • Spread the Gospel • Believed conversion necessary for civilization • Believed in Social Darwinism • Survival of the fittest • European culture superior

  7. Types of Control • Colony • Direct rule • Protectorate • Guided local government • Sphere of Influence • Had control of trade and investments

  8. Partition of Africa • Little beyond the coastal areas was known • David Livingstone famous English Explorer • Wrote of travels into sub-Saharan Africa • Lost contact and found by New York Times Reporter Henry Stanley • Stanley went on to explore and report • Interest,lack of organized governments brought European governments to claim land and send colonists

  9. North Africa • Best known • Desert • Muslim • Part of crumbling Ottoman Empire • France took Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia • France in 1880’s built the Suez canal • Short cut to Asia • English bought out Egyptians

  10. Egypt • 1880s Egyptian government in Collapse • England sent troops • Made Egypt a protectorate • Move to the Sudan

  11. Libya • Italy seizes Libya • 1911 defeated Ottoman Turks • Supported by other European nations

  12. Sub-Saharan Africa • No one government • No one people • Tribal • Center of economy was the slave trade • Most European nations banned slavery in early 1800’s • US stopped importation of new slaves in early 1800’s • Economy collapsed • France, England, Germany, Belgium, • Spain and Portugal moved in to take control of cash crop markets

  13. Resistance • Local rulers tried to stop the flow of Europeans • Lacked organization and weapons • By 1900 only 2 independent areas • Liberia – home of repatriated US Slaves • Ethiopia

  14. South Africa • Settled by Dutch in 1600’s • Afrikaners (Boers) • Moved north in 1830s to get away from British control • Great Trek north • Transvaal and Orange Free State • Passed a constitution stating that there would be NO equality between black and white (apartheid) • Constant war fare with Zulu neighbors

  15. Boer War • British vs. Dutch • War for control of raw materials(gold and diamonds) • British won and united the Transvaal, Orange Free state, Cape Colony and Natal into Union of South Africa • Africans excluded from power

  16. Effects on Africa • Countries created using geography not ethnicity • Tribal divisions and hatreds still rule today • Civil war between tribes is rule today • Africa was stripped of its resources • People were treated badly • Tradition was stripped away

  17. The Americas • US dominance • Monroe Doctrine 1823 • Told Europe to stay out of American politics • Said countries were independent and Europe's attempt to interfere would be considered by US as act of war • 1895 Spanish American War • “Remember the Maine” • Free Cuba • Puerto Rico to US

  18. Panama Canal • Roosevelt 1903 began the building of the canal • US supported Panamanians in revolt against Columbian Government • They got independence we got the canal • US economic imperialism • United Fruit Company -bananas • Incorporated in 1899 • Built ports and railroads • Gains trangle hold on Central American Economies • Manipulates governments of Central America with bribes and military interference

  19. Mexico • Turmoil • Conflicts between liberals and conservatives • During Civil War Europe tried to take control • Leopold Hapsburg sent to rule by Napoleon III • Mexicans under Benito Juarez defeated him and executed him • Juarez succeeded by Porfirio Diaz • Ruled to 1911 • Dictator • Brought foreign investment without foreign control

  20. Mexican Revolution 1910 • Class warfare • US interfered because they detested Victoriano Huerta • US supported Venustiano Carranza • Pancho(Franciso) Villa attacked SW US • US invaded Mexico and captured Villa • US withdrew when it entered WWI

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