Bio 9D: Monday, January 3, 2011 Title: Cell Specialization

1. Bio 9D: Monday, January 3, 2011Title: Cell Specialization • Homework: • Read Section 36.2 and take notes using active reading strategies – see assignment sheet for details. • Silent Do Now – Not in your notebook! • Get a worksheet and complete Task #1 • Today’s Objectives: • Compare & contrast structures of specialized cells • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions

2. Today’s Agenda: Cell Specialization • Extended Do Now: • Task #1 • Compare answers with partner (2 min) • Task #2 • Complete quietly with partner (5 min) • Class Discussion • Notes • Today’s Objectives: • Compare & contrast structures of specialized cells • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions

3. Extended Do Now: “Typical” Human Cell • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

4. Extended Do Now: Specialized Cells have Specialized Structures • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

5. Musculoskeletal System Biology 9 – Moretti & Dickson

6. The Musculoskeletal System • Overall Functions: • Move the body, or parts of the body • Support body & maintain posture (keep you standing/sitting upright) • Made up of… • Skeletal muscles • Bones (skeletal system) • Connective tissues • Tendons connect muscle to bone • Ligaments connect bone to bone • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

7. Bio 9A/9D: Tuesday, January 4, 2011Title: Muscle Structure & Function • Homework: • Two paragraphs in notebook – see assignment sheet for details. • Silent Do Now – In your notebook: Based on yesterday’s class: • Describe the shape and structure of a muscle cell • How do you think this helps the muscle cell function? • Today’s Objectives: • Describe the structure and function of muscle cells • Explain how muscles work together to move bones

8. Skeletal Muscle • Attached to bones • Contracts to create body movements • Controlled voluntarily • Structured with fibers bundled within fibers. The simplest muscle fiber is a muscle cell. • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

9. Zoom in… Zoom in more…

10. Skeletal Muscle Cells Structures: Functions: • Long, narrow cells • Filled with specialized cytoskeleton fibers • Many mitochondria • Many nuclei along edges of cell Stretch and contract a long muscle Fibers attach and slide past each other to contract Provide ATP energy for cytoskeleton to move Help make lots of cytoskeleton proteins for the whole long cell • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

11. Skeletal Muscle Cells Zoom in… • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

12. Animations: Overview, zoom in, and sarcomere contraction in grasshopper muscles: • http://entochem.tamu.edu/MuscleStrucContractswf/index.html Simultaneous whole-muscle, cartoon sarcomere, and real muscle fiber contraction: • http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a502-muscle-contraction-sarcomere Actin, myosin, and cross-bridges: • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter10/animation__sarcomere_contraction.html • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

13. How Muscle Cells Contract • Cytoskeleton fibers attach to each other and pull together. • This makes the entire muscle cell get shorter (aka contract). • This process uses a lot of ATP energy (provided by mitochondria). • When the fibers let go, the muscle relaxes.

14. Muscles are attached to at least two points: • anchoring bone • moving bone (attached by tendons) Muscle Contraction Creates Body Movements • Muscle contracts (gets shorter) • Pulls on tendon • Tendon pulls bone into new position

15. Upper Arm: • Biceps contract •  Arm bends at the elbow • Triceps contract •  Arm straightens • Lower Leg: • Shin muscle contracts •  Foot goes up • Calf muscle contracts •  Foot goes down Muscles Work in Opposing Pairs

16. Bio 9A/9D: Wednesday, January 5, 2011Title: Chicken Wing Dissection • Homework: • Complete Chicken Wing Dissection Analysis Questions • Silent Do Now: • What are two safety rule that you should follow during this dissection? • Today’s Objectives: • Follow lab safety procedures during dissection • Observe and explain how muscles, tendons, and bones… • Form a joint • Interact with each other during muscle contraction to cause movement

17. Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Rules • Respect for the animals that donated these wings • Safety • Raw meat… keep hands away from mouth, wash hands after. • Scissors are sharp! • Patience – this might be confusing. That’s OK! You can learn a lot even if you can’t figure out all the parts. • Zero tolerance for fooling around, horseplay, etc. You WILL be asked to leave. • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

18. Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Materials • Aprons, goggles & gloves • Dissecting tray • Scalpel – caution, these are sharp! Never cut towards fingers! • Scissors – often these are better for cutting than the scalpel • Chicken Wings • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

19. Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Procedures • Sit with a partner of your choice • I will bring you a chicken wing • Follow all safety procedures – hands away from mouth, careful with sharp tools, NO fooling around • Raise hand if you need anything – stay at your table • Follow directions on lab handout – one partner must write/draw if the other’s hands are messy • Clean up: wing in trash, tools washed, hands washed. HW: Lab analysis questions (in notebook) • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

20. Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Anatomy of your hand

21. Bio 9A/9D: Monday, 1.10.10Title: Anatomy of a Kick • Homework: • Finish Anatomy of a Kick worksheet • Organize notes for tomorrow’s open-notes quiz • Silent Do Now: • Get a worksheet and read the Background Info • Complete Activity I: Getting Started • Today’s Objectives: • Identify which muscles must contract to move a specific part of the leg • Predict the correct sequence of muscle contractions necessary for complex movements

22. Computer Activity:The Anatomy of a Kick • http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih6/Bone/activities/activities_toc.htm • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement