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Types of Memory

Types of Memory. Information processing model. Sensory memory. Sensory memory. Senses Vision: iconic memory Auditory: echoic memory Purpose? Persistence: beyond physical duration Record until further processing Provides stability for senses. Photography: shutter speed. 1/30 1/500.

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Types of Memory

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  1. Types of Memory

  2. Information processing model Sensory memory

  3. Sensory memory Senses Vision: iconic memory Auditory: echoic memory Purpose? Persistence: beyond physical duration Record until further processing Provides stability for senses

  4. Photography: shutter speed 1/30 1/500

  5. Sensory memory Task: You will see a grid of 12 letters very quickly. I will ask you to write down as many of the letters as you can after they are flashed.

  6. Iconic memory: Sperling (1960) Presentation time: 50ms Whole report: 4 out of 12 (37%) Auditory cue AFTER display Partial report: 3 out of 4 (75%) Rapidly decaying image!

  7. Short-term memory and Long-term memorySTM & LTM Memory performance depends on three stages Encoding Storage Retrieval Form of information Verbal (acoustic) Visual (picture) Storage: What is capacity of STM? STM  LTM Rehearsal: use “inner voice” or“inner eye” Examine how we RETRIEVE information Recall Recognition

  8. Working Memory (WM) WM: Short-term processing and storage of information Phonological loop: verbal rehearsal Visuospatial sketch pad: visuo-spatial rehearsal Central executive: controls processing and allocates resources Logie, Zucco, & Baddeley, 1990

  9. Episodic vs. Semantic memory • Semantic memory • Memory for knowledge • What do people eat for breakfast? • Recall facts and knowledge • Episodic memory • Memory of events • What did you have for breakfast? • Recall a list of words • Distinguishes type of info learned, not when learned

  10. Explicit vs. Implicit memory • Type of retrieval question • Explicit memory • Effortful, conscious recollection • Recall or recognition • Implicit memory • Remembering without awareness • Word fragment or identification • Distinguishes how info is retrieved

  11. Implicit memory tests • Picture: What do you see? • Word: Fill in the fragment.

  12. Memory & AmnesiaImplicit vs Explicit memory • Warrington & Weiskrantz (1970) • Implicit vs explicit memory tests (fig above) • Jacoby & Witherspoon (1982) (text: pp 287) • Anterograde amnesia & homophones • Study: Hear “book-read” or “saxophone-reed” • Test: Asked to spell 2nd word in pair

  13. Amnesia & Movies • Memento (2000) • Regarding Henry (1991) • Fifty First Dates (2004) • The Bourne Identity (2002)

  14. Case study approach to study memory: Amnesia • Retrograde amnesia • Can’t remember events prior to point of injury • “Soap opera amnesia” • Rare – and most can recover memory loss • Anterograde amnesia • Memory loss after point of damage • Cannot form new memories • E.g. H.M.; Korsakoff’s syndrome; viral encephalitis

  15. Clive Wearing • Dense retrograde and anterograde amnesia patient • Born in 1938, contracted viral encephalitis in 1985 • Previously a very successful musician • Husband to 2nd wife; has children from 1st marriage • BBC 2005 – “Man with the 7s memory” • 20 yrs post injury – 67 yrs old • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDNDRDJy-vo&feature=related • 1998 documentary • 13 yrs post injury – 60 years old • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu9UY8Zqg-Q&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCyvzI2aVUo&fea • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BrCBq2FY_U&feature=related

  16. Thought paper • What is Clive Wearing capable of and not capable of doing? • Provide examples for the below vocabulary in your answer • Short-term memory vs. long-term memory • Explicit vs. implicit memory • Episodic vs. semantic memory

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