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SOCIOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY . 6. Groups and Formal Organizations. 6. Groups and Formal Organizations. Understanding Groups Understanding Organizations. Understanding Groups. Types of Groups.

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SOCIOLOGY

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  1. SOCIOLOGY 6 Groups and Formal Organizations

  2. 6. Groups and Formal Organizations • Understanding Groups • Understanding Organizations

  3. Understanding Groups • Types of Groups • Group:any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis • Primary and Secondary Groups • Primary Group: small group with intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation • Secondary Group: formal, impersonal groups with little social intimacy or mutual understanding

  4. Understanding Groups Table 6-1. Comparison of Primary and Secondary Groups

  5. Understanding Groups • Types of Groups • In-Groups and Out-Groups • In-groups: any groups or categories to which people feel they belong • Out-groups: any groups or categories to which people feel they do not belong Conflict between in-groups and out-groups can turn violent on a personal as well as political level.

  6. Understanding Groups • Types of Groups • Reference Groups • Any group that individuals use as standard for evaluating their own behavior • Reference groups set and enforce standards of conduct and belief

  7. Understanding Groups • Studying Small Groups • Dyad: a two-member group • Triad: a three-member group • Small Group: group small enough for all members to interact simultaneously • Size of a Group • Smaller groups havegreater interaction opportunities Coalitions: temporary or permanent alliances geared toward common goal

  8. Understanding Groups • Coalitions • Collective pressure to conform to the predominant line of thought • Temporary or permanent alliances geared toward common goal • Groupthink

  9. Understanding Organizations • Formal Organizations and Bureaucracies • Formal Organization: special-purpose group designed and structured for maximum efficiency

  10. Understanding Organizations • Characteristics of a Bureaucracy • Bureaucracy: component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency • Ideal Type Bureaucracy • Division of labor • Hierarchy of authority

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