Emergence of Order After the fall of Rome in Europe

1. Emergence of Order After the fall of Rome in Europe

2. Germanic Kingdoms • Germanic kingdoms began popping up all over the western portion of the old Roman Empire. • Western Europe experienced time of chaos, disorder, and darkness under Germanic rule

3. Germanic Destruction • Learning nearly disappeared in the barbarian West • Most people grew up illiterate • Only the Catholic Church provided hope or security for the people.

4. Germanic Society • Only Germanic Kingdom to last long were the Franks (area of France today) led by Clovis who had converted to Christianity around 500 winning himself support from the Roman Catholic Church • Germans and Romans intermarried creating a new society with new customs • Extended families center of German society living together and working together

5. Germanic Justice • German concept of family affected crime and punishment • Germanic laws were personal and often led to blood shed • Wergild (money for a man) wrongdoers literally paid for their crimes • Ordeal-physical trial based on divine intervention

6. The Church • End of the 4th century Christianity is the supreme religion of the Roman Empire. • The church develops a system of organization

7. Organization of the Church • Pope-leader of the Catholic Church • Archbishop-leader of multiple bishops • Bishop-leader of a group of parishes • Pope had various powers and would later become involved in politics (Pope Gregory I)

8. Monks • Monasteries begin popping up • Monks isolated themselves concentrating on work and prayer.

9. Charlemagne • Frankish king from 768-814. • Strong warrior and statesmen • Strongly supported learning even though he was illiterate • Expanded Frankish Kingdom creating the Carolingian Empire • 800 crowned emperor of Rome symbolizing coming together Christian Rome and the Germanics.

10. Empire Falls • Charlemagne’s empire falls apart after his death in 814 • Various groups invade including Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings

11. Feudalism • Invaders caused a threat to people • Aristocrats and nobles expected to provide protection • Leads to political and social idea of feudalism

12. Feudalism • Germanic society used the idea of vassalage • Man who served a lord militarily was a vassal • Wealth based on landownership so when nobles wanted men to fight for them they granted them a fief • Vassal would have political authority over fief and be responsible for keeping order • Feudal contracts determined the relationship between lord and vassal

13. Feudal Obligations Vassal to Lord: military service, advice, financial obligation Lord to Vassal: land grant, protect him militarily and in court

14. England in the Middle Ages • Anglo-Saxon kings ruled England up until the 9th century • 1066 William of Normandy defeats King Harold of England at Battle Hastings • William crowned king of England and slowly merges the Norman and Saxon cultures

15. William of Normandy • William develops system of taxation and royal courts (Domesday Book) • Domesday Book first census taken since Roman times

16. King Henry II (1154-1189) • Strengthened the English Monarchy and expanded royal courts power • Courts all over the land so created a body of common law • Believed he had the right to punish clergy as well • Archbishop Thomas a Becket disagreed and was later killed • Death of Becket caused public outrage so Henry backed off

17. Magna Carta 1215 • House of lords-nobles/clergy • House of Commons-Knights and peasants • Over time kings powers kept growing • 1215 nobles rebel against King John • King John forced to sign Magna Carta or Great Charter • Magna Carta limits the power of the monarch and would lead to the creation of the English Parliament under King Edward I (1st Rep. Gov. in England) • House of Lords and House of Commons (taxes/passed laws)